The pathological status of exercise dependence

Bamber, Diane; Cockerill, Ian M.; Carroll, Douglas

doi:10.1136/bjsm.34.2.125

Cited by 171 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The importance of compulsive attitudes has also been highlighted in research related to a conceptual model of understanding the relationship between EEDs 36. Addiction models of excessive exercise report that withdrawal symptoms related to negative affect such as guilt, anxiety, and depression are involved in maintenance 37. In the EED, consequences of not exercising are included that are related to eating disorder symptoms, such as difficulty with regular meals and changes in perceived body image when they do not exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the exercise and eating disorders questionnaire

Danielsen

Bjørnelv

Rø

2015

Intl J Eating Disorders

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ObjectiveCompulsive exercise is a well‐known feature in eating disorders. The Exercise and Eating Disorder (EED) self‐report questionnaire was developed to assess aspects of compulsive exercise not adequately captured by existing instruments. This study aimed to test psychometric properties and the factor structure of the EED among women with eating disorders and a control group.MethodThe study included 449 female participants, including 244 eating disorders patients and 205 healthy controls. The patient group consisted of 32.4% (n = 79) AN patients, 23.4% (n = 57) BN, 34.4% (n = 84) EDNOS and 9.8% (n = 24) with BED diagnosis.ResultsThe analyses confirmed adequate psychometric properties of the EED, with a four‐factor solution: (1) compulsive exercise, (2) positive and healthy exercise, (3) awareness of bodily signals, and (4) weight and shape exercise. The EED discriminated significantly (p < .001) between patients and controls on the global score, subscales, and individual items. Test‐retest reliability was satisfactory (r = 0.86). Convergent validity was demonstrated by high correlations between the EED and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q; r = 0.79).DiscussionThe EED is the first clinically derived, self‐report questionnaire to assess compulsive exercise among ED patients. The EED offers assessment that has broader clinical utility than existing instruments because it identifies treatment targets and treatment priorities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:983–993).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the exercise and eating disorders questionnaire

Danielsen

Bjørnelv

Rø

2015

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…Kern (2010) found that exercise addiction was positively related to Neuroticism and Openness among students, whereas it was positively related to Agreeableness and Openness among recreational practitioners. Another study found that exercise dependent individuals scored higher on Neuroticism than a control group (Bamber, Cockerill & Carroll, 2000). Hausenblas and Giacobbi (2004) found exercise addiction to be positively related to Extroversion and Neuroticism and negatively related to Agreeableness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationships between behavioral addictions and the five-factor model of personality

Andreassen¹,

Griffiths²,

Gjertsen³

et al. 2013

Journal of Behavioral Addictions

470

330

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Aims: Although relationships between addiction and personality have previously been explored, no study has ever simultaneously investigated the interrelationships between several behavioral addictions, and related these to the main dimensions of the five-factor model of personality. Methods: In this study, 218 university students completed questionnaires assessing seven different behavioral addictions (i.e., Facebook addiction, video game addiction, Internet addiction, exercise addiction, mobile phone addiction, compulsive buying, and study addiction) as well as an instrument assessing the main dimensions of the five-factor model of personality. Results: Of the 21 bivariate intercorrelations between the seven behavioral addictions, all were positive (and nine significantly). The results also showed that (i) Neuroticism was positively associated with Internet addiction, exercise addiction, compulsive buying, and study addiction, (ii) Extroversion was positively associated with Facebook addiction, exercise addiction, mobile phone addiction, and compulsive buying, (iii) Openness to experience was negatively associated with Facebook addiction and mobile phone addiction, (iv) Agreeableness was negatively associated with Internet addiction, exercise addiction, mobile phone addiction, and compulsive buying, and (v) Conscientiousness was negatively associated with Facebook addiction, video game addiction, Internet addiction, and compulsive buying and positively associated with exercise addiction and study addiction. Conclusions: The positive associations between the seven behavioral addictions suggest one or several underlying pathological factors. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that personality traits explained between 6% and 17% of the variance in the seven behavioral addictions, suggesting that personality to a varying degree explains scores on measures of addictive behaviors.

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“…The Exercise Attitudes and Beliefs Questionnaire (EABQ) was administered to control for the possible co-morbidity of exercise dependence and disordered eating (Davis et al, 1995(Davis et al, , 1997Epling and Pierce, 1988;Bamber et al, 2000). The EABQ is a 12-item questionnaire generated from the diagnostic criteria of exercise dependence in women proposed by Bamber and her colleagues on the basis of a qualitative study of exercise attitudes and behaviour in 56 female exercisers (Bamber et al, 2003).…”

Section: Control and Confounding Variables 231 Exercise Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Disordered eating behaviour is associated with blunted cortisol and cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress

Ginty¹,

Phillips²,

Higgs³

et al. 2012

Psychoneuroendocrinology

104

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The pathological status of exercise dependence

Abstract: In the absence of an eating disorder, women identified as being exercise dependent do not exhibit the sorts of personality characteristics and levels of psychological distress that warrant the construction of primary exercise dependence as a widespread pathology.

Cited by 171 publications

References 37 publications

Validation of the exercise and eating disorders questionnaire

Validation of the exercise and eating disorders questionnaire

The relationships between behavioral addictions and the five-factor model of personality

Disordered eating behaviour is associated with blunted cortisol and cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress

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