The pathology and pathogenesis of paratuberculosis in ruminants and other species

Clarke, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9975(97)80001-1

Cited by 436 publications

(548 citation statements)

References 179 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

409

Contrasting

Unclassified

114

Order By: Relevance

“…In deer, the disease is characterized by loss of condition, diarrhoea, faecal staining of the perineum, low serum albumin and total protein concentration. In other cases, the infection is clinically unapparent [28,41]. In bisons, histologic results are similar to paratuberculosis described in cattle [19].…”

Section: Wildlife As a Source Of The Mac Agentssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…However, phenotypic differences between these two subspecies, differentiated by the dependence of Map on mycobactin [165] and genetically by the presence of multiple copies of the Map specific insertion element IS900 [67], are important. These organisms induce, in a wide-ranging animal species, different pathologies associated to distinct clinical signs [28,82] and host adaptation [49,74,82]. With the availability of published microbial genomes, the genomic approach will help in identifying novel genes involved in the physiological adaptation of MAC members to these different wild animal species.…”

Section: Physiological Characteristics For Host Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The establishment of infection has been shown to be experimentally favoured with the intensity of exposure and the use of young animals [28]. Other risk factors including intensive farming systems, acid soils, low dietary intake, stress, lactation and parturition and immunosuppression by pathogens such as bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) [25,97] have been described.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

Biet¹,

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Pathogens that are transmitted between the environment, wildlife, livestock and humans represent major challenges for the protection of human and domestic animal health, the economic sustainability of agriculture, and the conservation of wildlife. Among such pathogens, the genus Mycobacterium is well represented by M. bovis, the etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis, M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) the etiological agent of Johne disease, M. avium ssp. avium (Maa) and in a few common cases by other emergent environmental mycobacteria. Epidemiologic surveys performed in Europe, North America and New Zealand have demonstrated the existence and importance of environmental and wildlife reservoirs of mycobacterial infections that limit the attempts of disease control programmes. The aim of this review is to examine the zoonotic aspects of mycobacteria transmitted from the environment and wildlife. This work is focused on the species of two main groups of mycobacteria classified as important pathogens for humans and animals: first, M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, which belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex and has a broad host range including wildlife, captive wildlife, domestic livestock, non-human primates and humans; the second group examined, is the M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) which includes M. avium ssp. avium causing major health problems in AIDS patients and M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis the etiological agent of Johne disease in cattle and identified in patients with Crohn disease. MAC agents, in addition to a broad host range, are environmental mycobacteria found in numerous biotopes including the soil, water, aerosols, protozoa, deep litter and fresh tropical vegetation. This review examines the possible reservoirs of these pathogens in the environment and in wildlife, their role as sources of infection in humans and animals and their health impact on humans. The possibilities of control and management programmes for these mycobacterial infections are examined with regards to the importance of their natural reservoirs.

show abstract

Section: Wildlife As a Source Of The Mac Agentssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Physiological Characteristics For Host Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

Biet¹,

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Paratuberculosis diagnosis in deer is based on Map detection in faeces, postmortem and histopathological examination of tissues (specially the lower part of the jejunum, ileum, ileocecal valve and its associated lymph nodes) (Clarke 1997). Histopathological assessment includes different grading systems and disease classification, such as paucibacillary and multibacillary, already described for several species with paratuberculosis (Carrigan and Seaman 1990, Clarke and Little 1996, Perez et al 1996, Gonzalez et al 2005, Balseiro et al 2008, Clark et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis. In Chile, information about Map isolation from both domestic ruminant and wildlife species has been accumulating, but it has extended to other species. In Chile, deer farming activity has been focused in hunting and meat production. No paratuberculosis surveillance has been reported for these source herds. In the present study, chronic diarrhea and poor body condition in some animals belonging to a deer farm was informed. Four adult affected hinds were euthanized under suspicion of paratuberculosis. In all animals macroscopic and microscopic lesions consistent with paratuberculosis were observed. Map-positive culture results from faecal and tissue samples, complemented with positive-PCR-results from fixed tissues are informed. Evidence has been found on cattle and deer populations being connected since molecular characterization of the Map isolated from deer lack of variation between the cattle control strain. The latter could indicate that both species share the same bacteria, suggesting there is interspecies transmission. Complementary diagnostic methods were accurate to diagnose paratuberculosis and to differentiate the clinical deer case from other mycobacterial infection. The epidemiological findings suggest that the infection in the deer farm could be transmitted from a cattle herd, making this the first reported case of paratuberculosis in deer farm in Chile.Key words: deer, histopathology, paratuberculosis, PCR. RESUMENMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) es el agente etiológico de la patuberculosis. En Chile, antecedentes del aislamiento de Map tanto en rumiantes domésticos como en especies de vida silvestre se han ido acumulando a través del tiempo, sin embargo, esto tiene que estar afectando también a otras especies. En Chile, la crianza de ciervos se ha focalizado en dos objetivos: cotos de caza y producción de carnes exóticas, no existiendo un programa de vigilancia ni siendo reportada esta enfermedad en rebaños de este tipo. Este trabajo reporta la presencia de diarrea crónica y pobre condición corporal en algunos animales pertenecientes a una granja de ciervos donde se sospechó la presencia de paratuberculosis. Cuatro ciervos adultos fueron eutanaziados bajo esta sospecha. Todos los animales presentaron lesiones macro y microscópicas compatibles con paratuberculosis. Resultados positivos al cultivo bacteriológico a partir de heces y muestras de tejido, además de PCR a partir de tejido fijado evidencian la infección. De acuerdo a los resultados de caracterización molecular de las cepas aisladas de los ciervos que no muestran variación entre cepas control de bovino, se evidencia que ambas poblaciones estarían conectadas. Complementariamente, los métodos diagnósticos utilizados fueron muy precisos para diagnosticar paratuberculosis y para diferenciar casos clínicos en ciervos de otras micobacteriosis. Las características epidemiológicas descritas en este estudio sugieren que la infecció...

show abstract

“…O agente etiológico é o Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) que causa enterite e linfadenite granulomatosas (Clarke 1997, Harris & Barletta 2001, Riet-Correa & Driemeier 2007, Moravkova et al 2008). É uma doença que acarreta consideráveis perdas econômicas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified