The pathology of Herpes Zoster and its bearing on sensory localisation

Varicella zoster virus infection

“…When VZV reactivates, ganglia become necrotic and haemorrhagic 48 . VZV proteins are found in neurons and non-neuronal cells, and ganglionitis is marked by the upregulation of MHC class I and II proteins and the infiltration of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells [49][50][51] .…”

The `Dejerines': an historical review and homage to two pioneers in the field of neurology and their contribution to the understanding of spinal cord pathology

“…Sherrington did use the term`segmental', which had already been used in the German literature as segmental typus. 17 The methods used to map these determinations included studies of the cutaneous manifestations of herpes zoster, 12,52 correlative clinical and pathological studies in humans, 20,53,54 and in animals, using the method of the`remaining sensibility'. 51 Neurosurgery was not yet a speciality, but during the post-war period it brought many interesting data in the study and knowledge of dermatomes in man, especially by the work of Foerster, 55,56 recently summarised by Bonica in his excellent synopsis on the anatomy applied to pain 50 and discussed from 1982 and still in 1997.…”

Pigmented skin lesions, dermatomal maps, and clinical anatomists

“…However, posterior dermatomesboth at the cervicothoracic and lumbosacral transitions-remain controversial. Early work by Sir Henry Head (1893) and later with Campbell (Head and Campbell, 1900) depicted posterior axial lines from C5-T1 and from L2-S3. However, 48 years later, Keegan and Garrett (1948) showed consecutive segmental innervation posteriorly in both regions.…”