The pathology of infection of chickens with the lentogenic V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus

Hamid, Helmy; Campbell, R. S. F.; Lamichhane, Chinta

doi:10.1080/03079459008418724

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The use of specific immunohistochemical methods which will greatly assist the interpretation of the pathology of Newcastle disease have been described (Hamid et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies of the pathology of velogenic Newcastle disease: Virus infection in non‐immune and immune birds

1991

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The pathology of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus infection was compared in 7-and 20-week-old groups of non-immune birds and birds with two levels of immunity as determined by the haemagglutinin inhibition test. In non-immune birds the bursa at 7 and 20 weeks was the only lymphoreticular organ to show sustained reticular and lymphoid cell reactions until death took place. Caecal tonsil and spleen were extensively necrotized on day 4 after contact exposure, and similar changes occurred in lung and proventriculus. There was evidence of lymphoid recovery in birds which survived for 18 days. In immune birds the spleen showed two main responses. The first, acute reticular cell response around the ellipsoids indicated that renewed exposure to antigen was often associated with localized cell degeneration. The second, immunological, reaction was rapid formation of germinal centres which occurred somewhat earlier in 20-week-old birds (4-5 days). Especially from the second week, reticular (dendritic) cell and lymphoid hyperplasia occurred diffusely in the bursal medulla of both age groups although marked atrophy and cellular depletion, probably of physiological origin, was a feature of 20-week-old birds with high antibody levels. In the gastro-intestinal tract, germinal centre formation was most marked in the caecal tonsils at 20 weeks. With the Indonesian ITA strain of ND virus, degenerative and inflammatory changes in the brain were mild in all groups up to day 18 irrespective of immune status.

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“…The use of specific immunohistochemical methods which will greatly assist the interpretation of the pathology of Newcastle disease have been described (Hamid et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellular and subcellular changes have been described by Cheville & Beard (1972). Viral antigen can be identified specifically by indirect immunoperoxidase (Hamid et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the pathology of velogenic Newcastle disease: Virus infection in non‐immune and immune birds

1991

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“…In fact, the mild respiratory disease associated with the LND is only in young but not in adult chicken. Experimental infection to study the pathology of lentogenic B1 and Q4 strains in 4-week-old chicken produced no apparent clinical signs [ 60 ]. Postmortem findings may be absent or at best may involve mild hemorrhages in the tracheal and pulmonary tissues.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and Vaccination Approaches for Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry: The Current and Emerging Perspectives

Bello

Yusoff

Ideris

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most devastating diseases that considerably cripple the global poultry industry. Because of its enormous socioeconomic importance and potential to rapidly spread to naïve birds in the vicinity, ND is included among the list of avian diseases that must be notified to the OIE immediately upon recognition. Currently, virus isolation followed by its serological or molecular identification is regarded as the gold standard method of ND diagnosis. However, this method is generally slow and requires specialised laboratory with biosafety containment facilities, making it of little relevance under epidemic situations where rapid diagnosis is seriously needed. Thus, molecular based diagnostics have evolved to overcome some of these difficulties, but the extensive genetic diversity of the virus ensures that isolates with mutations at the primer/probe binding sites escape detection using these assays. This diagnostic dilemma leads to the emergence of cutting-edge technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) which have so far proven to be promising in terms of rapid, sensitive, and accurate recognition of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates even in mixed infections. As regards disease control strategies, conventional ND vaccines have stood the test of time by demonstrating track record of protective efficacy in the last 60 years. However, these vaccines are unable to block the replication and shedding of most of the currently circulating phylogenetically divergent virulent NDV isolates. Hence, rationally designed vaccines targeting the prevailing genotypes, the so-called genotype-matched vaccines, are highly needed to overcome these vaccination related challenges. Among the recently evolving technologies for the development of genotype-matched vaccines, reverse genetics-based live attenuated vaccines obviously appeared to be the most promising candidates. In this review, a comprehensive description of the current and emerging trends in the detection, identification, and control of ND in poultry are provided. The strengths and weaknesses of each of those techniques are also emphasised.

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“…Although some textbooks refer to La Sota as causing severe respiratory disease in very young animals, no peerreviewed references could be found in the scientific literature. 9 When the lentogens B1 and QV4 were experimentally inoculated into 4-week-old chickens, 23 or when QV4 was inoculated into 7-week-old chickens, 43 in both cases via eye-drop instillation, no clinical signs were observed. Some lentogenic isolates in Australia have been associated with respiratory disease in commercial broilers in the field ("late respiratory syndrome") with very low mortality, detectable gross lesions (reddening of the trachea), and chronic nonsuppurative tracheitis histologically.…”

Section: Lentogenic Newcastle Disease It Is Generallymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 In a similar experiment with QV4, but with slightly older birds (7 weeks), there was lymphoid follicle proliferation mainly in the lamina propria of the trachea. 43 Some lentogenic isolates in Australia caused nonsuppurative tracheitis in association with E. coli in field outbreaks, or, when experimentally inoculated in SPF chickens, induced mild changes, including lymphocytic infiltration, loss of cilia, and squamous metaplasia in the proximal trachea. 47,48 Aerosol delivery of lentogenic virus in an experimental setting commonly results in tracheal changes (i.e., deciliation, congestion, goblet cells hyperplasia, edema, and multifocal submucosal infiltration of scattered heterophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells).…”

Section: Lentogenic Newcastle Disease It Is Generallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Newcastle disease

et al. 2011

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Newcastle disease (ND) remains a constant threat to the poultry industry and is a limiting disease for poultry producers worldwide. The variety of clinical presentations and the emergence and spread of new genetic variants make recognition and diagnosis challenging. The current review details the pertinent features of the clinicopathologic disease in the main susceptible species, including chicken, turkey, duck, goose, pigeon, and other birds such as cormorants, psittacines, and canaries. Furthermore, the available and emerging laboratory diagnostic methodologies for the detection and typing of the virus are reviewed, including traditional techniques such as virus isolation and immunohistochemistry as well as rapid procedures based on molecular tools, such as real-time polymerase chain reaction, gene sequencing, and microarrays. The relevant genetic variability of ND viruses probably represents the major limitation in the validation and application of the current, advanced diagnostic molecular techniques. This underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary and comprehensive diagnostic approach, which should include, next to the new generation assays of the genomic era, the more traditional techniques such as histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and virus isolation.

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The pathology of infection of chickens with the lentogenic V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Studies of the pathology of velogenic Newcastle disease: Virus infection in non‐immune and immune birds

Studies of the pathology of velogenic Newcastle disease: Virus infection in non‐immune and immune birds

Diagnostic and Vaccination Approaches for Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry: The Current and Emerging Perspectives

Newcastle disease

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