“…[1][2][3]6,7,11,14,17 Bronchial cartilage aplasia, hypoplasia, or dysplasia has been demonstrated as the underlying cause of CLE in all the prevailing reports of this condition in dogs. To date, CLE has been reported in Pekingese, 14,17 Shih Tzu, Jack Russell Terrier 6 and English Springer Spaniel 3 puppies, young Chow Chow, 7 Schipperke 16 and Pomeranian 11 dogs, an adult Pekingese, 2 and 2 senile Afghan hounds. 1 CLE results in respiratory compromise in 2 ways.…”