The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury and its clinical implications

A transversely isotropic constitutive model of excised guinea pig spinal cord white matter

“…Cellular injury is localized within the white matter, as blood flow to and oxygen levels within the gray matter are typically maintained during slow compression. Hallmarks of white matter cellular injury include vacuolization, loss of myelin, and axonal swelling (Kraus, 1996). Further study of the process by which multi-axial mechanical insults create physiological defects requires the development of a transversely isotropic constitutive model.…”

Endothelial sulfonylurea receptor 1–regulated NCCa-ATP channels mediate progressive hemorrhagic necrosis following spinal cord injury

“…Several mechanisms of secondary injury have been postulated, including ischemia/hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation, all of which have been considered to be responsible for the devastating process of progressive hemorrhagic necrosis (PHN) (2,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). PHN is a mysterious condition, first recognized over 3 decades ago, that has thus far eluded understanding and treatment.…”

Correlations between tissue-level stresses and strains and cellular damage within the guinea pig spinal cord white matter

“…Neurological deficits appear when the spinal cord cross-sectional area is reduced by 30% and are irreversible when cord area reduction exceeds 65% (Fehlings and Skaf, 1998). White matter cellular damage has been theorized to be a function of axon crosssectional area (Kraus, 1996), tissue strain and strain rate (Shi and Whitebone, 2006), or tissue stress state (Henderson et al, 2005).…”