The pathophysiology of the acute phase of human bartonellosis resembles AIDS

Ticona, Eduardo; Huaroto, Libio; García, Yuri; Vargas, Lupe; Madariaga, Miguel G.

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.054

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Interestingly, HENRIQUEZ et al 12 described a case of persistent B. bacilliformis bacteremia in a situation of altered immunological state. It has been reported that the intensity of the inflammatory response in any case, depends on previous exposure to B. bacilliformis 22 and probably on genetic predisposition 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the immunopathology that develops during HB is unclear, some theoretical models have been proposed 6,32 . A few important findings described recently implicated the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the lack of activation of dendritic cells will prevent the reversal of Treg cells in anergic states 15,34 . Thus, preventing the activation of dendritic cells, B. bacilliformis may establish and maintain an immune peripheral tolerance in the host 6,32 . Finally, this impairment in the cellular immunity favors the reactivation of intracellular infections such as tuberculosis and Toxoplasmosis, which are commonly reported in the endemic areas 21,22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokines and T-Lymphocute count in patients in the acute and chronic phases of Bartonella bacilliformis infection in an endemic area in peru: a pilot study

Huarcaya

Best

Rodriguez-Tafur

et al. 2011

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYHuman Bartonellosis has an acute phase characterized by fever and hemolytic anemia, and a chronic phase with bacillary angiomatosis-like lesions. This cross-sectional pilot study evaluated the immunology patterns using pre-and post-treatment samples in patients with Human Bartonellosis. Patients between five and 60 years of age, from endemic areas in Peru, in the acute or chronic phases were included. In patients in the acute phase of Bartonellosis a state of immune peripheral tolerance should be established for persistence of the infection. Our findings were that elevation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and numeric abnormalities of CD4 + and CD8 + T-Lymphocyte counts correlated significantly with an unfavorable immune state. During the chronic phase, the elevated levels of IFN-g and IL-4 observed in our series correlated with previous findings of endothelial invasion of B. henselae in animal models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokines and T-Lymphocute count in patients in the acute and chronic phases of Bartonella bacilliformis infection in an endemic area in peru: a pilot study

Huarcaya

Best

Rodriguez-Tafur

et al. 2011

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…While the nature of this niche in the case of infections with the modern species constitutes one of the key controversies in the field, almost no research has been performed on the primary niche in infections with B. bacilliformis. However, the existence of such a niche for this species is widely accepted (271,417) and may explain part of the remarkably long incubation time of Oroya fever (60 days on average [272]). …”

Section: The Primary Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the molecular aspects of immune modulation during infections with B. bacilliformis have been scarcely investigated, a transient immunosuppression, including CD4 ϩ T-cell lymphopenia and an impairment of cellular immunity during Oroya fever, seems established in the field (150,152,191,271) and is strikingly reminiscent of AIDS (417). Two studies confirmed increased levels of IL-10 in patients infected with B. bacilliformis (191,192), strongly suggesting that enhanced secretion of this cytokine could participate in the immunosuppression as observed for the modern species.…”

Section: Immune Evasion and Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intruders below the Radar: Molecular Pathogenesis of Bartonella spp

2012

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SUMMARY Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that employ a unique stealth infection strategy comprising immune evasion and modulation, intimate interaction with nucleated cells, and intraerythrocytic persistence. Infections with Bartonella are ubiquitous among mammals, and many species can infect humans either as their natural host or incidentally as zoonotic pathogens. Upon inoculation into a naive host, the bartonellae first colonize a primary niche that is widely accepted to involve the manipulation of nucleated host cells, e.g., in the microvasculature. Consistently, in vitro research showed that Bartonella harbors an ample arsenal of virulence factors to modulate the response of such cells, gain entrance, and establish an intracellular niche. Subsequently, the bacteria are seeded into the bloodstream where they invade erythrocytes and give rise to a typically asymptomatic intraerythrocytic bacteremia. While this course of infection is characteristic for natural hosts, zoonotic infections or the infection of immunocompromised patients may alter the path of Bartonella and result in considerable morbidity. In this review we compile current knowledge on the molecular processes underlying both the infection strategy and pathogenesis of Bartonella and discuss their connection to the clinical presentation of human patients, which ranges from minor complaints to life-threatening disease.

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Development and characterisation of highly antibiotic resistant Bartonella bacilliformis mutants

Gomes

Martínez-Puchol

Ruiz-Roldán

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The objective was to develop and characterise in vitro Bartonella bacilliformis antibiotic resistant mutants. Three B. bacilliformis strains were plated 35 or 40 times with azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin or rifampicin discs. Resistance-stability was assessed performing 5 serial passages without antibiotic pressure. MICs were determined with/without Phe-Arg-β-Napthylamide and artesunate. Target alterations were screened in the 23S rRNA, rplD, rplV, gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE and rpoB genes. Chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin resistance were the most difficult and easiest (>37.3 and 10.6 passages) to be selected, respectively. All mutants but one selected with chloramphenicol achieved high resistance levels. All rifampicin, one azithromycin and one ciprofloxacin mutants did not totally revert when cultured without antibiotic pressure. Azithromycin resistance was related to L4 substitutions Gln-66 → Lys or Gly-70 → Arg; L4 deletion Δ62–65 (Lys-Met-Tyr-Lys) or L22 insertion 83::Val-Ser-Glu-Ala-His-Val-Gly-Lys-Ser; in two chloramphenicol-resistant mutants the 23S rRNA mutation G2372A was detected. GyrA Ala-91 → Val and Asp-95 → Gly and GyrB Glu474 → Lys were detected in ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants. RpoB substitutions Gln-527 → Arg, His-540 → Tyr and Ser-545 → Phe plus Ser-588 → Tyr were detected in rifampicin-resistant mutants. In 5 mutants the effect of efflux pumps on resistance was observed. Antibiotic resistance was mainly related to target mutations and overexpression of efflux pumps, which might underlie microbiological failures during treatments.

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The pathophysiology of the acute phase of human bartonellosis resembles AIDS

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Cytokines and T-Lymphocute count in patients in the acute and chronic phases of Bartonella bacilliformis infection in an endemic area in peru: a pilot study

Cytokines and T-Lymphocute count in patients in the acute and chronic phases of Bartonella bacilliformis infection in an endemic area in peru: a pilot study

Intruders below the Radar: Molecular Pathogenesis of Bartonella spp

Development and characterisation of highly antibiotic resistant Bartonella bacilliformis mutants

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