The pathway for the biosynthesis of N1-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide

Quinn, Gertrude P.; Greengard, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0003-9861(66)81050-0

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This implies that this metabolite is formed either at an extrahepatic site or that the en zymes to form this metabolite may have been induced by the prolonged administration of 2-PAM in the in vivo studies. It has been reported, how ever, that the conversion of 1-methyl-3-carbamidopyridinium ion to 1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide is catalyzed by soluble rat liver enzymes (144) .…”

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolism of the Alkylphosphate Antagonists and its Pharmacologic Implications

Way¹,

Way²

1968

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies on the metabolic disposition of chemical compounds have so accelerated in the past few years that if a general review of the subject for the last year were attempted, it would be possible to give no more than a sketchy summary of the voluminous literature in the space allocated. More comprehensive reviews on the general topic of drug metabolism are available as monographs (1-3). The present review, like many previous ones appear ing in this series on drug metabolism (4-6), is restricted to selected topics, and is primarily concerned with a descriptive and interpretive appraisal of the status of the alkylphosphate antagonists, also known as the cholinesterase reactivators. These compounds are of interest because of their ability to antagonize the toxic effects of the organophosphorous cholinesterase inhibi tors that are used as insecticides and war gases.All compounds in the alkylphosphate antagonist series are nucleophilic agents and are mainly oximes. Although the organic oximes have been em ployed by chemists for a number of years, very little is really known con cerning the biotransformation of this functional group. Yamafugi and co workers (7-9) have investigated the metabolism of organic oximes in plants, silkworms, and other animals. Mahadevan ( 10) has reported on the metabo lism of 3-indoleacetaldoxime from various plants and fungi. However, the impetus to investigate the biotransformation of oximes can be attributed primarily to the work of Wilson and co-workers (11)(12)(13)(14) and Childs et al. (15), who have made important contributions in the development of the cholinesterase reactivation properties of these compounds.Initially, it was believed that the alkylphosphates were such potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase as well as other esterases, that they pro duced an "irreversible" inhibition of this enzyme. Subsequent work, howl The survey of literature pertaining to this review was completed in May, 1967.

show abstract

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolism of the Alkylphosphate Antagonists and its Pharmacologic Implications

Way¹,

Way²

1968

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The reason why the enzyme activity ratio and the urinary excretion ratio is different is partly because 4-Py-forming MNA oxidase is more unstable than the 2-Py-forming MNA oxidase in vitro. 8 ) …”

Section: Department Of Food Science and Nutrition Teikoku Women's Unmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N I -Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide (4-Py) was discovered as a major metabolite of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in rats in 1959 by Chang and Johnson. 7 ) Quinn and Greengard8 ) then found that 4-Py was also made from MNA in 1966 and showed that in rats, the syntheses of 4-Py and 2-Py appeared to be catalyzed by separable enzymes. In 1978, Ohkubo and Fujimura 9 ) clearly demonstrated the above probability by purification of the two enzymes from rat liver.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Distribution ofN¹-Methyl-2- pyridone-5-carboxamide- andN¹-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-formingN¹-Methylnicotinamide Oxidases in Rats

Shibata¹

1989

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The principal route of nicotinic acid metabolism is by méthylation, that is, the formation of N-methylnicotinamide which in turn is further metabolized to N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide {Handler, 1960) and N-methyl-2-pyridone-3-carboxamide {Quinn and Greengard, 1966). Accordingly, the largest portion is excreted in the form of methyl derivatives, and in the form of glycine conjugates (nicotinuric acid) of these methyl derivatives.…”

Section: Nicotinic Acid and Transmethylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmethylation Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Methionine and Nicotinic Acid

Nestoros¹,

Ban²,

Lehmann³

1977

Int Pharmacopsychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The pathway for the biosynthesis of N1-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

The Metabolism of the Alkylphosphate Antagonists and its Pharmacologic Implications

The Metabolism of the Alkylphosphate Antagonists and its Pharmacologic Implications

Tissue Distribution ofN¹-Methyl-2- pyridone-5-carboxamide- andN¹-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-formingN¹-Methylnicotinamide Oxidases in Rats

Transmethylation Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Methionine and Nicotinic Acid

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The pathway for the biosynthesis of N1-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

The Metabolism of the Alkylphosphate Antagonists and its Pharmacologic Implications

The Metabolism of the Alkylphosphate Antagonists and its Pharmacologic Implications

Tissue Distribution ofN1-Methyl-2- pyridone-5-carboxamide- andN1-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-formingN1-Methylnicotinamide Oxidases in Rats

Transmethylation Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Methionine and Nicotinic Acid

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Tissue Distribution ofN¹-Methyl-2- pyridone-5-carboxamide- andN¹-Methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-formingN¹-Methylnicotinamide Oxidases in Rats