The Pattern of Blood Pressure Distribution and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Pre (Hypertension) Among Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Western India

Abstract

Background: Raised blood pressure is one of the significant preventable causes of cardiovascular diseases. The Global Burden of Diseases report 2019 has identified high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk factor for attributable deaths accounting for about 1.4 million deaths in India. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension, along with their associated risk factors, among young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban science colleges in Gujarat. A multicomponent questionnaire comprised of demographic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics was administered to the participants (18-23 years). Data on weight, height and blood pressure were collected by trained field personnel. The categorical variables were tested by a chi-square test, while the t-test was used to compare quantitative variables. Results: Overall, 415 participants (65% female) were included in the study, with a mean age of 19.5 years. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 23.4% and 4.8%, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that the male gender, not being underweight, and overweight was found to be associated with elevated blood pressure. Conclusions: There is a pressing need to identify cardiovascular risk factors at younger ages through regular screening, with more focus should be put on the adaptation of healthy lifestyles.