The Pattern of Complications in Saudi Arabian Diabetics

Fatani, Hassan H.; Mira, Siraj A.; Elzubier, Ahmed G.

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.1989.44

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It also compares with the 10% C-peptide negative rate observed by Laajam et al among 114 newly diagnosed patients in Saudi Arabia [12]. However, this proportion is much less than the 24.8% found by Abdullah [13] or the 25.7% reported by Fatani et al [14], both in Saudi Arabia. These differences are due to different populations of patients studied and varying criteria for diagnosis of IDDM.…”

Section: Clinical Pattern Of Diabetessupporting

confidence: 68%

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Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: The Clinical Pattern and Complications in 1,000 Patients

et al. 1992

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A retrospective and prospective study of 1,000 ambulatory and hospitalized diabetic patients was done in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudis comprised 777 (77.7%) and non-Saudis 223 (22.3%). Sex distribution was equal among Saudis, males 389 (50.1%) and females 388 (49.9%), but non-Saudi males were predominant at 153 (68.6%), nonSaudi females 70 (31.4%) reflecting the preponderant male expatriate labor force. A proportion of different types of diabetes was: IDDM115 (11.7%), non-obese non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) 405 (41.0%), obese NIDDM 412 (42.1%), and early onset non-insulin dependent diabetes (diagnosis under 30 years of age), 43 (4.4%). Regarding treatment, 388 (40.6%) received insulin followed by sulfonylurea, alone in 330 (33.5%), diet only in 117 (12.0%), combination sulfonylurea and biguanide in 113 (11.6%), biguanide alone in 13 (1.3%) and insulin plus tablets in 7 (0.8%). Of 472 and 426 patients, 29.7% and 30.0% had elevated total cholesterol or triglycerides respectively, while 77.2% of 373 patients had elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAl). At least once in 998 patients, diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in 7.6%,hypoglycemia (BS ≤ 2.2 mmols/1) in 8.6% and severe hyperglycemia (blood sugar ≥ 27.7 mmols/1) in 16.5%. The frequency of chronic and infective complications was: cataract 42.7%, infection 37.9%, neuropathy 35.9%, retinopathy 31.5%, hypertension 25.6%, nephropathy 17.8%, ischemic heart disease 11.3%, foot lesions 10.5%, stroke 9.4%, renal insufficiency 6.9% and amputation 5.1%. The pattern of diabetes in Saudi Arabia is similar to that in other countries, but the occurrence of early onset NIDDM and the role of consanguinity need clarification. Tropical pancreatic diabetes is rare. The spectrum of complications is a combination of what is observed in developing as well as industrialized countries.

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Section: Clinical Pattern Of Diabetessupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Furthermore, there have been reports on the pattern of the disease [9][10][11][12][13], complications of diabetes [14][15][16] as well as the occurrence in pregnancy [17]. However, these were all relatively limited in scope in terms of patients studied and the variables analyzed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: The Clinical Pattern and Complications in 1,000 Patients

et al. 1992

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“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The prevalence of proteinuria is higher in this study than that reported by Fatani et al 18 and Famuyiwa et al 19 and this is because both investigators studied diabetic nephropathy as part of a global evaluation of all complications of diabetes. Fatani et al used dipstick positivity as their definition of diabetic nephropathy, which could be affected by the concentration of urine since diluted urine may test negative.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…However, there are two published hospital-based studies on the frequency of clinically detectable proteinuria. Fatani et al 18 studied the pattern of complications in Saudi Arabian diabetes and they found nephropathy in 11.4% of patients with NIDDM. They defined diabetic nephropathy as persistently positive Albustix in the absence of other causes of proteinuria.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pattern of Diabetic Nephropathy Among Saudi Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Huraib

Abu‐Aisha²,

Sulimani³

et al. 1995

Ann Saudi Med

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There were no studies on the different stages of diabetic nephropathy in Saudi Arabia, particularly the earliest stages. We have therefore investigated the frequency of occurrence of varying degrees of proteinuria including microalbuminuria in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Saudi patients as well as the correlation of varying degrees of proteinuria with other diabetic complications and risk factors. One hundred and twenty-five NIDDM patients were studied. Fifty-seven were males and 68 were females. Their mean age was 49.8 ± 10 years with a mean duration of diabetes of 9.48 ± 6 years. The mean of HbAlc was 10.3 ± 2.6%, serum creatinine was 76.7 ± 23 mmol/L, creatinine clearance 94.3 mL/min, glomerular filtration rate 129.7 ± 44 and effective renal plasma flow was 496.5 ± 153. The pattern of proteinuria group was as follows: nephrotic range proteinuria 5.6%, clinical proteinuria 30.4%, microalbuminuria 16.8%. Hypertension and retinopathy were present in 36.8% and 37% of the patients respectively. A significant correlation was found between the presence of hypertension, duration of diabetes and development of diabetic nephropathy. Similarly, a significant correlation was found between retinopathy and the degree of proteinuria. In conclusion, the pattern of diabetic nephropathy in the Saudi NIDDM patients is similar to that in the Western world. Hypertension and duration of diabetes mellitus are important risk factors in the development of diabetic nephropathy. There is a good correlation between retinopathy and the degree of proteinuria. Ann Saudi Med 1995;15(2):120-124.

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“…Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1,2 and has a high rate of complications and morbidity, especially in patients whose disease is poorly controlled. 3,6 Non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD, type 2) is the predominant type in the Kingdom. When patients do not comply with their diet, are overweight, and do not exercise, maximum oral hypoglycemic therapy is usually ineffective in achieving satisfactory glycemic control.…”

Section: Accepted For Publication 14 November 1989mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guar Gum in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Saudi Arabian Patients

et al. 1990

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We conducted a double-blind crossover, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effects of guar gum, as a food additive, on glycemic control, plasma lipid concentration, and body weight in 39 Saudi patients with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus. All subjects were overweight and their diabetes was uncontrolled on diet and maximum doses of oral hypoglycemic agents. Mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAl) concentrations after treatment with guar were significantly lower than those seen with placebo (FPG: 11.00 ± 0.42 versus 12.70 ± 0.53 mmol/L; P < 0.01; HbAl: 11.00 ± 0.35% versus 11.90 ± 0.30%, P < 0.05). The postprandial plasma glucose level was also significantly lower when guar was added to an identical test meal than that observed with placebo (P < 0.02). The total plasma cholesterol level decreased from 5.76 ± 0.21 mmol/L prior to treatment to 5.00 ± 0.16 mmol/L (P < 0.01) at the end of treatment. There was no significant change in body weight during either phase of the study. Guar treatment was associated with a higher rate of side-effects in our study than have been previously reported, but this rate declined with time and the drug was well tolerated. We found guar to be a safe, useful, and effective adjunct in the management of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that is uncontrolled with conventional therapy.

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The Pattern of Complications in Saudi Arabian Diabetics

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: The Clinical Pattern and Complications in 1,000 Patients

Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: The Clinical Pattern and Complications in 1,000 Patients

The Pattern of Diabetic Nephropathy Among Saudi Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Guar Gum in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Saudi Arabian Patients

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