The patterning of hypodontia in a group of young adults in Sheffield, UK

Kirkham, Jamie J; Kaur, Ravinder; Stillman, Eleanor; Blackwell, Paul G.; Elcock, Claire; Brook, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2004.11.015

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…If one third molar is congenitally absent, the frequency of other third molars also being congenitally absent is much greater than expected by chance 57 . Regional effects on tooth size were seen in four ethnic groups: while Chinese had the largest teeth overall, this effect was seen predominantly in the anterior regions and European and North American white Caucasians had larger molars than Chinese 60 …”

Section: Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Multilevel complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of anomalies of dental development

Brook

2009

Archives of Oral Biology

239

227

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Dental anomalies are caused by complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors during the long process of dental development. This process is multifactorial, multilevel, multidimensional and progressive over time. In this paper the evidence from animal models and from human studies is integrated to outline the current position and to construct and evaluate models, as a basis for future work.Dental development is multilevel entailing molecular and cellular interactions which have macroscopic outcomes. It is multidimensional, requiring developments in the three spatial dimensions and the fourth dimension of time. It is progressive, occurring over a long period, yet with critical stages. The series of interactions involving multiple genetic signalling pathways are also influenced by extracellular factors. Interactions, gradients and spatial field effects of multiple genes, epigenetic and environmental factors all influence the development of individual teeth, groups of teeth and the dentition as a whole. The macroscopic, clinically visible result in humans is a complex unit of four different tooth types formed in morphogenetic fields, in which teeth within each field form directionally and erupt at different times, reflecting the spatio-temporal control of development.Even when a specific mutation of a single gene or one major environmental insult has been identified in a patient with a dental anomaly, detailed investigation of the phenotype often reveals variation between affected individuals in the same family, between dentitions in the same individual and even between different teeth in the same dentition. The same, or closely similar phenotypes, whether anomalies of tooth number or structure, may arise from different aetiologies: not only mutations in different genes but also environmental factors may result in similar phenotypes. Related to the action of a number of the developmental regulatory genes active in odontogenesis, in different tissues, mutations can result in syndromes of which dental anomalies are part. Disruption of the antagonistic balance between developmental regulatory genes, acting as activators or inhibitors can result in dental anomalies. There are critical stages in the development of the individual tooth germs and, if progression fails, the germ will not develop further or undergoes apoptosis. The reiterative signalling patterns over time during the sequential process of initiation and morphogenesis are reflected in the clinical association of anomalies of number, size and form and the proposed models.An initial step in future studies is to combine the genetic investigations with accurate recording and measurement of the phenotype. They also need to collate findings at each level and exploit the accurate definition of both human and murine phenotypes now possible.

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Section: Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the permanent dentition the third molars, the second premolars, the upper lateral incisors and the lower central incisors are the most frequently absent teeth 57 . These findings come from population and clinical multiple case studies.…”

Section: Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of anomalies of dental development

Brook

2009

Archives of Oral Biology

239

227

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“…Those teeth that are positioned furthest distally and are the last to develop in their tooth type (incisor/premolar/molar) are those most frequently absent [4,5]. This emphasises why, as an integral part of the overall study, in this component we are investigating timing of dental development, which in the complex developmental process may be related to congenital absence as well as smaller size and different crown and root shape.…”

Section: Methods Development/discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delay in dental development and variations in root morphology are outcomes of the complex adaptive system associated with the numerical variation of hypodontia

Chen¹,

Liversidge²,

Chen³

et al. 2018

Int. J. DNE

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The development of the dentition has the general characteristics of a complex adaptive system. Hypodontia is a developmental variation with not only a reduced number of teeth but also the teeth formed are smaller in size, have different crown and root morphology and are delayed in development. We have formed a multicentre, multidisciplinary collaborative study to investigate this complex system from its initiation to its outcome: from genotype with genetic/epigenetic/ environmental interactions to the accurate measurement of the phenotypic outcome. This paper reports an initial study of the root morphology and dental age component of the phenotype of the hypodontia patient compared to controls. The sample consists of orthodontic patients, 30 males and 30 females with hypodontia and 60 controls matched for age, gender and ethnicity. The material studied is the orthopantomographic radiograph of each patient. From these the number and site of each congenitally missing tooth is recorded. The number and shape of roots of each formed tooth are scored. Using the MATLAB computer programming platform, the distance between specific points on the crown and root, their area and hence the crown/ root ratio is computed, and the stages of dental development of each tooth scored; the degree of root development of the second permanent molar is particularly valuable in comparing between hypodontia patients and controls. By combining investigations from different stages of this biological complex adaptive system, we are using dental development, which is an accessible, non-invasive and accurately measurable paradigm to increase understanding of general development.

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“…In the white race hypodontia is seen 4-5% (11), in the Japanese society, 6.6%, 7.7% in the black race (12), and the Scandinavian coun--tries, this ratio is 6.1-8.2% (2)(3)(4).Gender distri--bution for the white race gender 3/2, for the black race, 2/1 (12).…”

Section: I C Co On Ng Ge En Ni It Ta Al L M Mi Is Ss Si In Ng G mentioning

confidence: 99%

Konjenital Diş Eksikliklerinde Tedavi Seçenekleri

Erken¹,

Polat-Özsoy²

2010

Turkish Journal of Orthodontics

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Ö ÖZ ZE ET TOrtodonti kliniklerinde s›kl›kla karfl›la--fl›lan difl eksikliklerinin insidans›, etiyolo--jisi ve tedavi seçenekleri aç›klanmakta--d›r. Konjenital difl eksikli¤inin en s›k gö--rüldü¤ü lateral ve premolar difl eksiklikle--rinde tedavi seçenekleri, avantajlar› ve dezavantajlar› ile sunulmaktad›r. (Türk Ortodonti Dergisi 2010;23:189-208) A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er r: : Difl eksikli¤i, Ano--donti, Konjenital anomali. K KO ON NJ JE EN N‹ ‹T TA AL L D D‹ ‹fi fi E EK KS S‹ ‹K KL L‹ ‹K KL LE ER R‹ ‹ v ve e G GÖ ÖR RÜ ÜL LM ME E S SI IK KL LI I⁄ ⁄I IKonjenital difl eksiklikleri eksik difl say›s›na göre hipodonti, oligodonti ve anadonti olarak s›n›fland›r›lm›flt›r. Hipodonti en az 1 en çok 6 difl eksikli¤i, oligodonti 6'dan fazla difl eksikli--¤i, anadonti ise tüm difllerin eksik olmas›d›r (1).Konjenital difl eksikli¤inin en s›k görüldü--¤ü difller üçüncü molarlar, mandibular ikinci premolarlar (%1-6) ve maksiller laterallerdir (%1-4) (2-7). Eksikli¤i en az görülen difl ise mandibular keserlerdir. Maksiller santral, ka--nin ve 1.molar difl eksiklikleri de nadirdir. Sil--verman ve Ackerman'a (8) göre çift tarafl› ek--siklik tek tarafl›dan daha fazla oluflmaktad›r. Süt difllerinin eksikli¤i ise nadir görülür ve cinsiyet da¤›l›m›nda fark yoktur. Süt difl ek--sikli¤i en çok keser grubunda görülür ve bu--nu maksiller 1. süt molar izler. Süt difllerinde eksiklik oldu¤unda genellikle onun yerini alacak olan daimi difl de geliflemez (9,10) Dünyada yap›lan birçok çal›flmada konje--nital difl eksikli¤i insidans› co¤rafik bölgeler ve ›rklar aras›nda de¤iflkenlik gösterir. Hipo--dontinin beyaz ›rkta görülme oran› %4-5'tir (11) Japon toplumunda %6.6, siyah ›rkta %7.7 (12) ve ‹skandinav ülkelerinde ise bu oran %6.1-8.2'dir (2-4).Cinsiyet da¤›l›m› beyaz ›rk için k›z-erkek 3/2, siyah ›rk için 2/1 dir (12).

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The patterning of hypodontia in a group of young adults in Sheffield, UK

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Multilevel complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of anomalies of dental development

Multilevel complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of anomalies of dental development

Delay in dental development and variations in root morphology are outcomes of the complex adaptive system associated with the numerical variation of hypodontia

Konjenital Diş Eksikliklerinde Tedavi Seçenekleri

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