The Paulsen problem is a basic open problem in operator theory: Given vectors u 1 , . . . , u n ∈ R d that are ǫ-nearly satisfying the Parseval's condition and the equal norm condition, is it close to a set of vectors v 1 , . . . , v n ∈ R d that exactly satisfy the Parseval's condition and the equal norm condition? Given u 1 , . . . , u n , the squared distance (to the set of exact solutions) is defined as inf v * University of Waterloo.