The Peculiarities of the Immunological Disorders at Vibration Disease

Abstract

Aim - to study the state of cellular immunity and cytokine profile at vibration disease due to exposure to local and general vibration, taking into account the severity of the disease. Assessing the role of immunological changes in the pathogenesis of vibration disease. Material and methods. The study involved 84 patients with various forms and severity of vibration disease due to exposure to local and general vibration. The control group included 30 people who did not have contact with occupational hazards at work and who were recognized as healthy according to a complete physical examination. Diagnosis was based on occupational history, sanitary characteristics of working conditions (work in contact with local or general vibration, the vibration levels excessing maximum acceptable level for more than 15 years), full clinical functional screening and instrumental examination of patients. Methods of immunological study included determination of subpopulations of lymphocytes, levels of cytokines IL-ф, IL-4, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-а) in serum by ELISA. Statistical processing of the data was performed using SPSS software package 21. Results. The study revealed a significant decrease in helper (CD4+) and suppressor (CD8+) subpopulations of lymphocytes, increase of concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-ф, IL-8, TNF-а; reduction in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in patients with vibration disease compared with the control group, regardless of the type of vibration, but more pronounced at the second degree of vibration disease due to general vibration. Revealed changes are indicative of the activation of inflammatory processes, violation of immunological reactivity, the presence of cytokine imbalance as the effect of exposure to occupational vibration. Conclusion. The study of the immunological profile (cellular link, cytokine profile) at vibration disease opens up prospects for rehabilitation and treatment of patients with this pathology, and also elaborates our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this disease.