The Pepper 9-Lipoxygenase Gene<i>CaLOX1</i>Functions in Defense and Cell Death Responses to Microbial Pathogens

Hwang, In-Sul; Hwang, Byung Kook

doi:10.1104/pp.109.147827

Cited by 189 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This is the case for lox1lox5 mutants, in which lack of 9-LOX activity enhances susceptibility to Pseudomonas spp. inoculation (Hwang and Hwang, 2010;López et al, 2011), even though callose production in bacterially infected leaves did not vary with respect to wild-type plants. Although callose production in bzr1-1D mutant leaves was similar, in these plants, constitutive activation of BR signaling increased resistance to Pseudomonas spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed a 9-LOX function in activating local defense and stomata closure against virulent Pseudomonas spp. (Hwang and Hwang, 2010;López et al, 2011;Montillet et al, 2013) as well as 9-LOX and a-DOX pathway cooperation in triggering systemic resistance (Vicente et al, 2012). There is also evidence of a role in activating systemic defense for C9 oxylipins formed by nonenzymatic free radical reactions (Jung et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2014;Wittek et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of the 9-LOX pathway in plant responses to pathogen and pest attack was recently defined (Hwang and Hwang, 2010;López et al, 2011;Nalam et al, 2012). Genetic studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed a 9-LOX function in activating local defense and stomata closure against virulent Pseudomonas spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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9-Lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins activate brassinosteroid signaling to promote cell wall-based defense and limit pathogen infection

et al. 2015

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The oxylipins, a large family of oxygenated lipid derivatives, regulate plant development and immunity. Two members of the 9-lipoxygenase (9-LOX) oxylipin pathway, 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid and 9-ketooctadecatrienoic acid, control root development and plant defense. Studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using a series of 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acidand 9-ketooctadecatrienoic acid-insensitive nonresponding to oxylipins (noxy) mutants showed the importance of the cell wall as a 9-LOX-induced defense component and the participation of NOXY proteins in signaling cell wall damage. Here, we examined 9-LOX signaling using the mutants lox1lox5, which lacks 9-LOX activity, and noxy2-2, which shows oxylipin insensitivity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mutants in brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of plant hormones necessary for normal plant growth and the control of cell wall integrity, were also analyzed. Several lines of evidence indicated that 9-LOX-derived oxylipins induce BR synthesis and signaling to activate cell wall-based responses such as callose deposition and that constitutive activation of BR signaling in bri1-EMS-suppressor 1-D (bes1-D) plants enhances this response. We found that constitutive BR signaling in bes1-D and brassinolide-resistant 1-1D (bzr1-1D) mutants conferred resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. bes1-D and bzr1-1D showed increased resistance to Golovinomyces cichoracearum, an obligate biotrophic fungus that penetrates the cell wall for successful infection, whereas susceptibility was enhanced in lox1lox5 and noxy2-2. Our results indicate a sequential action of 9-LOX and BR signaling in activating cell wall-based defense, and this response prevents pathogen infection. These results show interaction between the 9-LOX and BR pathways and help to clarify their role in modulating plant defense.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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9-Lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins activate brassinosteroid signaling to promote cell wall-based defense and limit pathogen infection

et al. 2015

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“…2-HOT also participates in the defense of Nicotiana attenuata against insect feeding (Gaquerel et al, 2012). In addition, 9-hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (9-HOT) was reported to antagonize the action of ethylene, triggering molecular events such as the accumulation of callose, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and transcriptional changes for genes involved in plant defense (Hwang and Hwang, 2010;López et al, 2011). FAOHs also accumulate during oxidative stress, when their functions are still elusive (op den Camp et al, 2003;Montillet et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Reductase Activity of the Arabidopsis Caleosin RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION20 Mediates Gibberellin-Dependent Flowering Time, Abscisic Acid Sensitivity, and Tolerance to Oxidative Stress

et al. 2014

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Contrasting with the wealth of information available on the multiple roles of jasmonates in plant development and defense, knowledge about the functions and the biosynthesis of hydroxylated oxylipins remains scarce. By expressing the caleosin RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION20 (RD20) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that the recombinant protein possesses an unusual peroxygenase activity with restricted specificity toward hydroperoxides of unsaturated fatty acid. Accordingly, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants overexpressing RD20 accumulate the product 13-hydroxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid, a linolenate-derived hydroxide. These plants exhibit elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with early gibberellin-dependent flowering and abscisic acid hypersensitivity at seed germination. These phenotypes are dependent on the presence of active RD20, since they are abolished in the rd20 null mutant and in lines overexpressing RD20, in which peroxygenase was inactivated by a point mutation of a catalytic histidine residue. RD20 also confers tolerance against stress induced by Paraquat, Rose Bengal, heavy metal, and the synthetic auxins 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Under oxidative stress, 13-hydroxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid still accumulates in RD20-overexpressing lines, but this lipid oxidation is associated with reduced ROS levels, minor cell death, and delayed floral transition. A model is discussed where the interplay between fatty acid hydroxides generated by RD20 and ROS is counteracted by ethylene during development in unstressed environments.

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“…vesicatoria infection. 20) 9-LOXs have been suggested to positively regulate defense and cell death responses to microbial pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of 9- and 13-KODEs in response to jasmonic acid treatment and pathogenic infection in rice

et al. 2018

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The inducible metabolites in rice leaves treated with 1 mM jasmonic acid (JA) were analyzed using HPLC. We detected an increase in the levels of two compounds, 1 and 2. Based on the comparison with mass spectra and chromatographic behavior with authentic compounds, 1 and 2 were identified as 13-oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (13-KODE) and 9-oxooctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (9-KODE), respectively, which have not been detected in rice to date. The accumulation of these compounds was also induced by an infection by Bipolaris oryzae. Treatment of rice leaves with KODEs induced the accumulation of defensive secondary metabolites, sakuranetin, naringenin, and serotonin, suggesting that KODEs may play a role in the elicitation of defense responses. The compounds that have an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group similar to KODEs did not reproduce the response of accumulation of defensive secondary metabolites, suggesting that additional structural factors such as long hydrophobic carbon chain are needed to elicit defense responses.

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The Pepper 9-Lipoxygenase GeneCaLOX1Functions in Defense and Cell Death Responses to Microbial Pathogens

Cited by 189 publications

References 68 publications

9-Lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins activate brassinosteroid signaling to promote cell wall-based defense and limit pathogen infection

9-Lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins activate brassinosteroid signaling to promote cell wall-based defense and limit pathogen infection

The Reductase Activity of the Arabidopsis Caleosin RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION20 Mediates Gibberellin-Dependent Flowering Time, Abscisic Acid Sensitivity, and Tolerance to Oxidative Stress

Accumulation of 9- and 13-KODEs in response to jasmonic acid treatment and pathogenic infection in rice

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