The peptidoglycan hydrolase TcpG is required for efficient conjugative transfer of pCW3 in Clostridium perfringens

Bantwal, Radhika; Bannam, Trudi Leanne; Porter, Corrine Joy; Quinsey, Noelene Sheila; Lyras, Dena; Adams, Vicki; Rood, Julian I.

doi:10.1016/j.plasmid.2011.12.016

Cited by 46 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In contrast, loss of the hydrolase from Gram-positive conjugative elements causes either a complete elimination in transfer or a more severe reduction than that observed for conjugative elements from Gram-negative bacteria. For example, loss of the hydrolase TcpG from pCW3 in Clostridium perfringens causes an approximately 1,000-fold decrease in conjugation (25), and loss of TraG from pIP501 (23) or PrgK from pCF10 (24) in Enterococcus faecalis causes complete elimination (Ͼ10 5 -fold) of transfer. We suspect that the apparently greater contribution to conjugation by the element-encoded hydrolases in Gram-positive bacteria than that in Gram-negative bacteria is partly due to the thicker cell wall.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Bifunctional Cell Wall Hydrolase CwlT Is Needed for Conjugation of the Integrative and Conjugative Element ICEBs1in Bacillus subtilis and B. anthracis

DeWitt

Grossman

2014

J Bacteriol

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The mobile genetic element ICEBs1 is an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) found in Bacillus subtilis. One of the ICEBs1 genes, cwlT, encodes a cell wall hydrolase with two catalytic domains, a muramidase and a peptidase. We found that cwlT is required for ICEBs1 conjugation. We examined the role of each of the two catalytic domains and found that the muramidase is essential, whereas the peptidase is partially dispensable for transfer of ICEBs1. We also found that the putative signal peptide in CwlT is required for CwlT to function in conjugation, consistent with the notion that CwlT is normally secreted from the cytoplasm. We found that alteration of the putative lipid attachment site on CwlT had no effect on its role in conjugation, indicating that if CwlT is a lipoprotein, the lipid attachment is not required for conjugation. Finally, we found conditions supporting efficient transfer of ICEBs1 into and out of Bacillus anthracis and that cwlT was needed for ICEBs1 to function in B. anthracis. The mature cell wall of B. anthracis is resistant to digestion by CwlT, indicating that CwlT might act during cell wall synthesis, before modifications of the peptidoglycan are complete.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrolases in Gram-negative organisms tend to have one hydrolytic domain and are usually not essential for conjugation (20)(21)(22). Hydrolases from conjugative systems in Grampositive organisms typically have two or more catalytic domains, and conjugation is significantly reduced or eliminated in mutants (23)(24)(25).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Bifunctional Cell Wall Hydrolase CwlT Is Needed for Conjugation of the Integrative and Conjugative Element ICEBs1in Bacillus subtilis and B. anthracis

DeWitt

Grossman

2014

J Bacteriol

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“…All conjugative C. perfringens plasmids identified to date have the tcp locus, which has been demonstrated to be essential for conjugative transfer of pCW3 (236,(242)(243)(244)(245). Furthermore, either sequence analysis (13,14,23) or Southern hybridization analysis (14)(15)(16)(17)(18) indicated that many C. perfringens type B to E strains contain multiple large plasmids carrying toxin genes (cpb, etx, iapA/iapB, cpb2, and tpeL) and a tcp locus, which we assume is a reasonable predictor of their conjugative potential.…”

Section: Conjugative Transfer Of Toxin Plasmidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unusually, the tcp locus appears to encode two functionally distinct peptidoglycan hydrolases, TcpG and TcpI. Mutagenesis studies have shown that TcpG, but not TcpI, is required for optimal transfer of pCW3 (245). TcpG has peptidoglycan hydrolase-like activity.…”

Section: Functional Analysis Of the Tcp Conjugation Locusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TcpG has peptidoglycan hydrolase-like activity. It has two putative catalytic domains, an N-terminal muramidase-like FlgJ glucosaminidase domain and a C-terminal NlpC/P60 endopeptidase domain, both of which have been shown to be functional (245). TcpG interacts with TcpA (248) and TcpC (244) but not with TcpH (242).…”

Section: Functional Analysis Of the Tcp Conjugation Locusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxin Plasmids of Clostridium perfringens

Adams

Bannam

et al. 2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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231

282

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SUMMARY In both humans and animals, Clostridium perfringens is an important cause of histotoxic infections and diseases originating in the intestines, such as enteritis and enterotoxemia. The virulence of this Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium is heavily dependent upon its prolific toxin-producing ability. Many of the ∼16 toxins produced by C. perfringens are encoded by large plasmids that range in size from ∼45 kb to ∼140 kb. These plasmid-encoded toxins are often closely associated with mobile elements. A C. perfringens strain can carry up to three different toxin plasmids, with a single plasmid carrying up to three distinct toxin genes. Molecular Koch's postulate analyses have established the importance of several plasmid-encoded toxins when C. perfringens disease strains cause enteritis or enterotoxemias. Many toxin plasmids are closely related, suggesting a common evolutionary origin. In particular, most toxin plasmids and some antibiotic resistance plasmids of C. perfringens share an ∼35-kb region containing a Tn 916 -related conjugation locus named tcp (transfer of clostridial plasmids). This tcp locus can mediate highly efficient conjugative transfer of these toxin or resistance plasmids. For example, conjugative transfer of a toxin plasmid from an infecting strain to C. perfringens normal intestinal flora strains may help to amplify and prolong an infection. Therefore, the presence of toxin genes on conjugative plasmids, particularly in association with insertion sequences that may mobilize these toxin genes, likely provides C. perfringens with considerable virulence plasticity and adaptability when it causes diseases originating in the gastrointestinal tract.

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Type IV Secretion in Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

2017

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile multiprotein nanomachines spanning the entire bacterial cell envelope in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. They play important roles through the contactdependent secretion of effector molecules into eukaryotic hosts and conjugative transfer of mobile DNA elements as well as contact-independent exchange of DNA with the extracellular milieu. In the last few years, many details on the molecular mechanisms of T4SSs have been elucidated. Exciting structures of T4SS complexes from Escherichia coli plasmids R388 and pKM101, Helicobacter pylori and Legionella pneumophila have been solved. The structure of the F-pilus was also reported and surprisingly revealed a filament composed of pilin subunits in 1:1 stoichiometry with phospholipid molecules. Many new T4SSs have been identified and characterized, underscoring the structural and functional diversity of this secretion superfamily. Complex regulatory circuits also have been shown to control T4SS machine production in response to host cell physiological status or a quorum of bacterial recipient cells in the vicinity. Here, we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of 'paradigmatic' and emerging systems, and further explore how new basic insights are aiding in the design of strategies aimed at suppressing T4SS functions in bacterial infections and spread of antimicrobial resistances.

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The peptidoglycan hydrolase TcpG is required for efficient conjugative transfer of pCW3 in Clostridium perfringens

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

The Bifunctional Cell Wall Hydrolase CwlT Is Needed for Conjugation of the Integrative and Conjugative Element ICEBs1in Bacillus subtilis and B. anthracis

The Bifunctional Cell Wall Hydrolase CwlT Is Needed for Conjugation of the Integrative and Conjugative Element ICEBs1in Bacillus subtilis and B. anthracis

Toxin Plasmids of Clostridium perfringens

Type IV Secretion in Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

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