The Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficay (PMP S-E) Tool: the adaptation study in the context of attachment styles and mood in the first-time mothers

Abstract

Objective: Maternal self-efficacy is defined as beliefs about one's ability to be successful in the maternal role. Studies have shown that perceived maternal self-efficacy was related to maternal depression, the perception of infant temperament, and the quality of mother-infant interactions. The purpose of this study was to conduct an adaptation study of the Turkish version of Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy Tool (PMP S-E Tool).Method: For this purpose, three different study samples which were composed of the first-time mothers of full-term healthy infants were reached out. The mothers in the first sample (n=290) filled out the Turkish PMP S-E online for construct validity and internal consistency analyses. The mothers in the second study sample (n=50) filled out the Turkish PMP S-E, the CES-Depression Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Early Close Relationships-II, and the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-VSF online for criterion and predictive validity analyses. The mothers in the third study sample (n=57) filled out the Turkish PMP S-E twice, post-partum pre-test at their home and 4-month post-test at the laboratory. Results:The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the four-factor structure of the original PMP S-E. The sub-scales were Care Taking Procedures, Evoking Behaviors, Reading Behaviors, and Situational Beliefs. Internal consistency values of the Turkish PMP S-E total and sub-scales were high. The results of criterion validity and test-re-test reliability provided evidence for the Turkish PMP S-E total and sub-scale scores. Predictive validity findings demonstrated that total scores of the Turkish PMP S-E were predictive of maternal life satisfaction. Conclusion:Findings provided support for the reliability and validity of the Turkish PMP S-E for the first time-mothers with infants between 0-12 months. The Turkish PMP S-E was considered to have both research and clinical utility.

Psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the Perceived Maternal Parenting Self‐Efficacy Scale among postpartum women

“…In general, we considered the values of correlation coefficients 0.00-0.19 and 0.20-0.39 as very weak and weak, and the values 0.40-0.59 and 0.60-0.79 as moderate and strong, respectively, and above 0.80 as a very strong correlation (Streiner, 2003). In terms of discriminant validity, as anticipated, the C-PMPS-E total and subscale scores were negatively related to postpartum depression and anxiety, which is consistent with other recent studies (Kahya & Uluc, 2021;Monteiro et al, 2022;Pedrini et al, 2019). Namely, women with higher levels of parenting self-efficacy tend to have better psychological well-being.…”

“…This finding is most likely related to self‐efficacy theory whereby the amount of current or past experience in a given domain of functioning (such as parenting) may contribute to the level of parenting self‐efficacy reported (Locke, 1997). Furthermore, previous research (Kahya & Uluc, 2021; Panza et al, 2020) suggests that increasing the parenting experience and skills of women has the potential to contribute to enhanced maternal confidence and their perceived ability to parent their newborn. It is worth noting that statistically significant differences were observed between C‐PMPS‐E and pregnancy complications, where women without pregnancy complications were able to better read their baby's behaviours.…”

“…Naturally, parenting a baby can be a complex and challenging task, especially for new mothers and where their ability to raise an infant (parenting self‐efficacy) may play a particularly important role (Fang et al, 2021; Sangsawang & Sangsawang, 2023). Maternal parenting self‐efficacy is defined as the belief a mother has in her own ability to successfully perform the tasks associated with caring for her child (Kahya & Uluc, 2021; Monteiro et al, 2022).…”

Maternal childhood trauma and postpartum well-being in a Turkish sample: The path from attachment to alexithymia

“…The Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy Tool (PMPS-E) comprises 20 items rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale (1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree) and total scores range from 20 to 80 (Barnes & Adamson-Macedo, 2007). The adaptation study of the Turkish version of the PMPS-E provided evidence for its reliability and validity (Kahya & Uluç, 2021). In the current data set, Cronbach's alpha coefficient value of the Turkish PSMPS-E was .94.…”