The Perception of Four Basic Emotions in Human and Nonhuman Faces by Children With Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities

Gross, Thomas F.

doi:10.1023/b:jacp.0000037777.17698.01

Cited by 156 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The difficulty of persons with autism in the facial identity and facial expression conditions is consistent with recent reports in the literature (see for review Adolphs, Sears, & Piven, 2001;Grelotti et al, 2002;Gross, 2004;Howard et al, 2000;Lindner & Rosen, 2006;Pelphrey, Adolphs, & Morris, 2004;Sasson, 2006;. In addition, scalp ERP recordings have revealed anomalies in temporal processing of faces in autism Dawson, Webb, & McPartland, 2005;.…”

Section: Discrimination Of Facial Identity and Facialsupporting

confidence: 88%

Fronto-limbic functioning in children and adolescents with and without autism

et al. 2008

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We used neuropsychological tasks to investigate integrity of brain circuits linking orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala (orbitofrontal-amygdala), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (dorsolateral prefrontal-hippocampus), in 138 individuals aged 7 -18 years, with and without autism. We predicted that performance on orbitofrontal-amygdala tasks would be poorer in the Autism group compared to the Non-Autism group regardless of intellectual level (verbal mental age -VMA) and that performance on dorsolateral prefrontal-hippocampus tasks would be associated primarily with intellectual level. Predicted differences between Autism and Non-Autism groups on orbitofrontalamygdala tasks were present but greater in individuals with higher VMA. On dorsolateral prefrontalhippocampus tasks, poorer performance by the Autism compared to the Non-Autism group was found at all VMA levels. Group differences suggest both brain circuits are impaired in autism, but performance on all tasks is also associated with intellectual level.Recent human studies using behavioral and neuroimaging techniques, as well as studies using animal models, have provided numerous clues to the underlying structural and functional brain changes associated with autistic spectrum disorders (hereafter, autism). Children and adults with autism have been shown to have developmental abnormalities and functional impairment of the frontal lobe, medial temporal structures, and cerebellum, as reflected in histopathology, structural and functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and neuropsychological studies (see for review, Bachevalier & Loveland, 2003). However, because autism is developmental in nature, it is unlikely to be based in focal abnormalities of any single neural structure or region, but instead is more likely to be distributed in neural networks. Consequently, developmental brain abnormalities in autism would be expected to affect brain circuits and the interaction of brain regions both during behavior and over the course of development. Two Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript brain regions have repeatedly been implicated in autism: the prefrontal and medial temporal regions. These two regions are heavily interconnected and form two neural networks that appear to be critical for the monitoring of social cognition, executive functions, and episodic memory (see for review Bachevalier & Loveland, 2006).Based on the characteristics of their anatomical connections, the prefrontal-temporal network...

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Section: Discrimination Of Facial Identity and Facialsupporting

confidence: 88%

Fronto-limbic functioning in children and adolescents with and without autism

et al. 2008

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“…No effects were found for positive emotions, such as happiness. These findings were similar to patterns found in individuals diagnosed with ASD (Gross 2004).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Evidence for a Broad Autism Phenotype

Groot

Strien

2017

Adv Neurodev Disord

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The broad autism phenotype implies the existence of a continuum ranging from individuals displaying almost no autistic traits to severely impaired diagnosed individuals. Recent studies have linked this variation in autistic traits to several domains of functioning. However, studies focusing on social-communicational traits associated with autism often suffer from two problems. First, they examine very specific behaviours, not taking the broad range of behaviours social functioning is comprised of into account. Second, most studies compare individuals scoring at the upper and lower extremes of the continuum, neglecting the natural range of autistic trait scores. The present study accommodates for these limitations by examining the link between self-reported autistic traits and a broad self-report measure of social functioning across individuals exhibiting a natural range of autistic traits. The results show that after tackling the discussed limitations, autistic traits still predict the amount of social behaviour people exhibit and the level of discomfort they experience when doing so. The amount of social behaviour and the experienced discomfort were especially related to autistic traits in the social and attention switching domains. The findings were still significant after controlling for the conceptual overlap with the social domain of the autism measure. These findings support the broad autism phenotype by showing how a continuous measure of autistic traits is related to a continuous measure of social functioning.

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“…For example, individuals with autism demonstrate impaired face recognition and discrimination (Blair, Frith, Smith, Abell, & Cipolotti, 2002;Klin, Sparrow, de Bildt, Cicchetti, Cohen, & Volkmar, 1999;Boucher & Lewis, 1992;Robel, Ennouri, Piana, Vaivre-Douret, Perier, Flament, & Mouren-Simeoni, 2004;Behrmann, Avidan, Leonard, Kimchi, Luna, Humphreys, & Minshew, 2005;Tantam, Monaghan, Nicholson, & Stirling, 1989), deficits in social emotional judgments about faces (Adolphs, Sears, & Piven, 2001;Tantam, Monaghan, Nicholson, & Stirling, 1989;Weeks & Hobson, 1987), reduced emotion recognition and perception (e.g., Klin, Sparrow, de Bildt, Cicchetti, Cohen, & Volkmar, 1999;Gross, 2004), and abnormal eye scanpaths when viewing faces (Pelphrey, Sasson, Reznick, Paul, Goldman, & Piven, 2002;Klin, Jones, Schultz, Volkmar, & Cohen, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social stimuli interfere with cognitive control in autism

2007

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Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by cognitive control deficits as well as impairments in social interactions. However, the brain mechanisms mediating the interactive effects of these deficits have not been addressed. We employed event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the effects of processing directional information from faces on activity within brain regions mediating cognitive control. High-functioning individuals with autism and age-, gender-, and IQ-matched neurotypical individuals attended to the direction of a centrally-presented arrow or gaze stimulus with similar flanker stimuli oriented in the same ("congruent") or opposite ("incongruent") direction. The incongruent arrow condition was examined to assess functioning of brain regions mediating cognitive control in a context without social-cognitive demands, whereas the incongruent gaze condition assessed functioning of the same brain regions in a social-cognitive context. Consistent with prior studies, the incongruent arrow condition recruited activity in bilateral midfrontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral intraparietal sulcus, and the anterior cingulate relative to the congruent arrow condition in neurotypical participants. Notably, there were not diagnostic group differences in patterns of regional fMRI activation in response to the arrow condition. However, while viewing the incongruent gaze stimuli, although neurotypical participants recruited the same brain regions, participants with autism showed marked hypoactivation in these areas. These findings suggest that processing social-cognitive stimuli interferes with functioning of brain regions recruited during cognitive control tasks in autism. Implications for research into cognitive control deficits in autism are discussed.

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The Perception of Four Basic Emotions in Human and Nonhuman Faces by Children With Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities

Cited by 156 publications

References 24 publications

Fronto-limbic functioning in children and adolescents with and without autism

Fronto-limbic functioning in children and adolescents with and without autism

Evidence for a Broad Autism Phenotype

Social stimuli interfere with cognitive control in autism

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