The perception of strabismus by children and adults

Mojon-Azzi, Stefania M.; Kunz, Andrea; Mojon, Daniel S.

doi:10.1007/s00417-010-1555-y

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Correction of strabismus offers improvement in psychosocial functioning. [67891011121314151617181920] In a study by Menon et al .,[21] 95% of participants reported positive changes in appearance, self-confidence, self-esteem, and relationship with friends after being treated for strabismus. However, they found no influence of the type of strabismus on the problems perceived by their study participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To assess knowledge and attitude of parents toward children suffering from strabismus in Indian subcontinent

Singh

Rana

Patyal

et al. 2017

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Purpose:Strabismus and anisometropia are the most common causes of amblyopia. It can be easily prevented or treated if detected early. With the changing socio-cultural-economic milieu of the society, the perspectives of strabismus in society are gradually changing but still adequate knowledge, awareness, and attitude of parents toward strabismus will help in preventing amblyopia and aid in the proper psychosocial adaptation of such children. This study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude of parents toward children suffering from strabismus.Methods:A prospective study was carried out from January 1 to February 29, 2016, through a structured questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of parents of children suffering from strabismus.Results:One hundred and twenty parents of children with strabismus were interviewed through a questionnaire. Education level of 78 parents was less than graduation (60%) and of 42 parents (40%) was graduation or higher. The majority of the parents, i.e., 116 (96.67%) were bothered due to strabismus. One hundred and one (84.17%) parents felt that their child's strabismus was noticed by others during interaction. Seventy-four (61.67%) parents felt that their children will have difficulty in making friends. Ninety (75%) parents felt uncomfortable if someone asked something about their child's strabismus. One hundred and ten (91.67%) parents considered strabismus as cosmetic stigma.Conclusion:Some parents, especially from the lower educated segment, had poor understanding of strabismus, thus resulting in late presentation and ineffective countermeasures. The key to prevent strabismic amblyopia and its psychosocial impacts is to provide health education regarding strabismus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To assess knowledge and attitude of parents toward children suffering from strabismus in Indian subcontinent

Singh

Rana

Patyal

et al. 2017

Indian J Ophthalmol

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“…When adults and children judged facial images of boys and girls with strabismus, a squinting right-eye was rated as more disturbing than a squinting left-eye [91]. Given that the right-eyes in the photographs were within the perceiver's left visual-field and processed initially by his RH, and vice versa for the left-eyes, these findings suggest that the RH is involved, more than the LH, in mediating an unfavourable look at bodily imperfections 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Mojon-Azzi et al [91] used identical pictures with the same facial musculature and (neutral) expression for both, right-eye and left-eye strabismus, and the squint was made by using digital software to crop the eye and replace it in a squint angle. Therefore, the findings of Mojon-Azzi et al [91] cannot be explained by the alternative account. It seems that the bias had arisen, not from the physiological properties and the facial expression in the photograph, but rather within the eye of the beholder and through his/her perceptual/cognitive processes (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Neural Basis of Optimism and Pessimism

Hecht

2013

Exp Neurobiol

106

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Our survival and wellness require a balance between optimism and pessimism. Undue pessimism makes life miserable; however, excessive optimism can lead to dangerously risky behaviors. A review and synthesis of the literature on the neurophysiology subserving these two worldviews suggests that optimism and pessimism are differentially associated with the two cerebral hemispheres. High self-esteem, a cheerful attitude that tends to look at the positive aspects of a given situation, as well as an optimistic belief in a bright future are associated with physiological activity in the left-hemisphere (LH). In contrast, a gloomy viewpoint, an inclination to focus on the negative part and exaggerate its significance, low self-esteem as well as a pessimistic view on what the future holds are interlinked with neurophysiological processes in the right-hemisphere (RH). This hemispheric asymmetry in mediating optimistic and pessimistic outlooks is rooted in several biological and functional differences between the two hemispheres. The RH mediation of a watchful and inhibitive mode weaves a sense of insecurity that generates and supports pessimistic thought patterns. Conversely, the LH mediation of an active mode and the positive feedback it receives through its motor dexterity breed a sense of confidence in one's ability to manage life's challenges, and optimism about the future.

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“…It may be constant, with loss of binocular function, or intermittent, with binocular function when the squint is not present. Squint can occur in children or adults and may have functional, aesthetic and psychosocial consequences [2-16]. For example, teenagers and adults with squint have reported problems with self-esteem, self-image and interpersonal relationships, have met ridicule at school or work, and may attempt to avoid activities that bring attention to their condition or to develop strategies that conceal it [8,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgery versus Active Monitoring in Intermittent Exotropia (SamExo): study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial

Buck

McColl

Powell

et al. 2012

Trials

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BackgroundChildhood intermittent exotropia [X(T)] is a type of strabismus (squint) in which one eye deviates outward at times, usually when the child is tired. It may progress to a permanent squint, loss of stereovision and/or amblyopia (reduced vision). Treatment options for X(T) include eye patches, glasses, surgery and active monitoring. There is no consensus regarding how this condition should be managed, and even when surgery is the preferred option clinicians disagree as to the optimal timing. Reports on the natural history of X(T) are limited, and there is no randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence on the effectiveness or efficiency of surgery compared with active monitoring. The SamExo (Surgery versus Active Monitoring in Intermittent Exotropia) pilot study has been designed to test the feasibility of such a trial in the UK.MethodsDesign: an external pilot patient randomised controlled trial.Setting: four UK secondary ophthalmology care facilities at Newcastle NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Moorfields Eye Hospital and York NHS Trust.Participants: children aged between 6 months and 16 years referred with suspected and subsequently diagnosed X(T). Recruitment target is a total of 144 children over a 9-month period, with 120 retained by 9-month outcome visit.Randomisation: permuted blocks stratified by collaborating centre, age and severity of X(T).Interventions: initial clinical assessment; randomisation (eye muscle surgery or active monitoring); 3-, 6- and 9-month (primary outcome) clinical assessments; participant/proxy completed questionnaire covering time and travel costs, health services use and quality of life (Intermittent Exotropia Questionnaire); qualitative interviews with parents to establish reasons for agreeing or declining participation in the pilot trial.Outcomes: recruitment and retention rates; nature and extent of participation bias; nature and extent of biases arising from crossover or loss to follow-up; reasons for agreeing/declining participation; variability of cure rates (to inform power calculations for a definitive RCT); completion rates of outcome measures.DiscussionThe SamExo pilot trial will provide important pointers regarding the feasibility of a full RCT of immediate surgery versus deferred surgery/active monitoring. The results of this pilot, including differences in cure rates, will inform the design of a definitive RCT.Trial registrationISRCTN44114892

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The perception of strabismus by children and adults

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

To assess knowledge and attitude of parents toward children suffering from strabismus in Indian subcontinent

To assess knowledge and attitude of parents toward children suffering from strabismus in Indian subcontinent

The Neural Basis of Optimism and Pessimism

Surgery versus Active Monitoring in Intermittent Exotropia (SamExo): study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial

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