The Perception of Vitamins and Their Prevalence in Fortified Food and Supplements in Japan

Chiba, Tsuyoshi; Tanemura, Nanae; Nishijima, Chiharu

doi:10.3390/nu13093136

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Then, we asked the participants who answered "rarely" why they could not follow a well-balanced diet; 41.5% of the participants answered "I have no time to spare", and 36.3% of them answered "I do not have enough money". This result is almost the same as that of the previous study [19].…”

Section: Well-balanced Dietsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In addition, a well-balanced diet is also encouraged to prevent COVID-19 [21,22]. However, only one-third of participants consumed a well-balanced diet almost every day in this study, and this result is almost the same as that of our previous study (33.2%) [19]. The major reasons why participants could not consume a well-balanced diet were time and money.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…297; 15 September 2021). Questionnaire was modified our previous questionnaire conducted on vitamins [19] (supplementary file: File S1). Detailed procedures of an internet survey are described in our previous report [19].…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, we reported the perception of vitamins and their prevalence in fortified foods and dietary supplements in Japan [19]. The highest perception was for vitamin C (93.2%), but only 22.3% of participants believed that they took sufficient amounts of vitamin C. The reason why most participants did not use vitamin-fortified foods and/or vitamin supplements was the economic issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Perception of Minerals and Their Prevalence in Fortified Foods and Supplements in Japan

2022

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People’s intake of some minerals does not meet the nutrient reference values even in high-income countries. Recently, the deficiency of zinc and/or selenium has been considered to cause greater risk of COVID-19 infection and severity. To investigate consumer awareness, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire online survey among Japanese people (7500 males and 7500 females) concerning their perceptions of each mineral and the prevalence of mineral-fortified foods and/or mineral supplements. People’s perception of each mineral varied: the highest was for calcium (91.8%) and the lowest was for selenium (44.7%). In addition, only a portion of participants believed that they consumed a sufficient amount of each mineral; the highest was sodium (23.7%), and the lowest was manganese (5.2%). In addition, 18.2% of them felt that they could not consume enough sodium, even though most of the Japanese’s intake is excessive. Among mineral-fortified-food and/or mineral-supplement users, the purposes for these products were to maintain health (80.6%), supplement nutrients (48.0%), and prevent infectious diseases (23.2%). Only 18.4% of participants knew what amount they took. In conclusion, education is needed to prevent not only the insufficiency/deficiency of each mineral but also an excess intake of sodium.

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Section: Well-balanced Dietsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Perception of Minerals and Their Prevalence in Fortified Foods and Supplements in Japan

2022

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“…The Consumer Affairs Agency in Japan has cautioned on these dietary supplements several times [ 17 ]. However, we reported that some Japanese consumers use fortified foods and dietary supplements not only to supplement their nutrient intake, but also to prevent infectious diseases [ 18 ]. Therefore, we conducted an online cross-sectional questionnaire survey to clarify the prevalence of the use of dietary supplements to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use for the Purpose of COVID-19 Prevention in Japan

Chiba

Tanemura

2022

Nutrients

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COVID-19 is still the biggest issue worldwide. Many dietary supplements on the market claim to have anti-COVID-19 effects without scientific evidence. To elucidate the prevalence of dietary supplement usage for the prevention of COVID-19, we conducted an online cross-sectional questionnaire survey among Japanese adults in January 2022. The prevalence of dietary supplement use for the prevention of COVID-19 was 8.3%, and there was no gender difference. We also conducted additional research on these dietary supplement users (1000 males and 1000 females). The most popular ingredient used was vitamin C (61.0%), with vitamin D (34.9%) and probiotics (33.4%) following. Half of these participants reported using supplements for more than one year. The information sources that reportedly led them to start using dietary supplements for the prevention of COVID-19 were the Internet (44.0%), television and radio (29.9%), and family or friends (26.0%), and these information sources differed among generations. In conclusion, some of the population used vitamin/mineral supplements for the prevention of COVID-19 that might be beneficial for their health, but some used ingredients with no scientifically proven effects against the virus at this time. Therefore, information-based scientific evidence is important to prevent the inappropriate use of dietary supplements by consumers.

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Differences in the Perception of Dietary Supplements between Dietary Supplement/Medicine Users and Non-Users

Chiba¹,

Tanemura²

2022

Nutrients

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Some patients use dietary supplements and medicines concomitantly, with an inappropriate perception of their safety and efficacy. To clarify the perception between dietary supplement and medicine users and non-users, we conducted an internet survey. In this survey, 38.9% of participants used dietary supplements, 32.6% used prescription medicines, and 14.7% used dietary supplements and prescription medicines concomitantly. Then, we conducted a further survey on four groups, dietary supplement and prescription medicine users, dietary supplement only users, prescription medicine only users, and non-users (500 each). Dietary supplement users had favorable outcomes in terms of both the safety and efficacy of dietary supplements compared to dietary supplement non-users. This perception of dietary supplements was independent from medicine use. The awareness of the Health Food Network consumer navigation site, which provides information about dietary supplements for consumers, was the highest among dietary supplement and prescription medicine users, but it was still low (2.2%). In conclusion, consumers who use dietary supplement and prescription medicine concomitantly have favorable outcomes for their safety and efficacy and a low awareness of their interaction. There is a need to provide information, especially regarding the risk of interaction, that takes into account the consumer’s situation.

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The Perception of Vitamins and Their Prevalence in Fortified Food and Supplements in Japan

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

The Perception of Minerals and Their Prevalence in Fortified Foods and Supplements in Japan

The Perception of Minerals and Their Prevalence in Fortified Foods and Supplements in Japan

The Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use for the Purpose of COVID-19 Prevention in Japan

Differences in the Perception of Dietary Supplements between Dietary Supplement/Medicine Users and Non-Users

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