The Perceptual and Attentive Impact of Delay and Jitter in Multimedia Delivery

Gulliver, Stephen R.; Ghinea, Gheorghiţă

doi:10.1109/tbc.2007.896955

Cited by 55 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Significant effort has also been applied to designing objective algorithms that are capable of predicting visual quality with high correlation against subjective perception [11]- [14]. Previous subjective studies on VQA have been performed on large format displays such as CRT/LCD monitors, while typically distorted videos have included compressed videos (H.264/MPEG), videos transmitted over wireless/IP channels [5], [6] and jittered and delayed videos [15], [16]. While video quality on mobile devices has not been extensively researched, there have been a few studies on the quality assessment of videos on mobile devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video Quality Assessment on Mobile Devices: Subjective, Behavioral and Objective Studies

Moorthy

Choi

Bovik

et al. 2012

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process.

272

168

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Abstract-We introduce a new video quality database that models video distortions in heavily-trafficked wireless networks and that contains measurements of human subjective impressions of the quality of videos. The new LIVE Mobile Video Quality Assessment (VQA) database consists of 200 distorted videos created from 10 RAW HD reference videos, obtained using a RED ONE digital cinematographic camera. While the LIVE Mobile VQA database includes distortions that have been previously studied such as compression and wireless packet-loss, it also incorporates dynamically varying distortions that change as a function of time, such as frame-freezes and temporally varying compression rates. In this article, we describe the construction of the database and detail the human study that was performed on mobile phones and tablets in order to gauge the human perception of quality on mobile devices. The subjective study portion of the database includes both the differential mean opinion scores (DMOS) computed from the ratings that the subjects provided at the end of each video clip, as well as the continuous temporal scores that the subjects recorded as they viewed the video. The study involved over 50 subjects and resulted in 5,300 summary subjective scores and time-sampled subjective traces of quality. In the behavioral portion of the article we analyze human opinion using statistical techniques, and also study a variety of models of temporal pooling that may reflect strategies that the subjects used to make the final decision on video quality. Further, we compare the quality ratings obtained from the tablet and the mobile phone studies in order to study the impact of these different display modes on quality. We also evaluate several objective image and video quality assessment (IQA/VQA) algorithms with regards to their efficacy in predicting visual quality. A detailed correlation analysis and statistical hypothesis testing is carried out. Our general conclusion is that existing VQA algorithms are not well-equipped to handle distortions that vary over time. The LIVE Mobile VQA database, along with the subject DMOS and the continuous temporal scores is being made available to researchers in the field of VQA at no cost in order to further research in the area of video quality assessment. Index Terms-Mobile video quality, objective algorithm evaluations, subjective quality, video quality assessment, video quality database.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video Quality Assessment on Mobile Devices: Subjective, Behavioral and Objective Studies

Moorthy

Choi

Bovik

et al. 2012

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process.

272

168

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“…On the network level, objective Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as packet loss, bandwidth, delay and jitter can be measured in order to detect possible network failures which could lead to a degradation of the received video signal [11], [12], [13], [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No-Reference Bitstream-Based Visual Quality Impairment Detection for High Definition H.264/AVC Encoded Video Sequences

Staelens

Wallendael

Crombecq

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. on Broadcast.

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Abstract-Ensuring and maintaining adequate Quality of Experience towards end-users are key objectives for video service providers, not only for increasing customer satisfaction but also as service differentiator. However, in the case of High Definition video streaming over IP-based networks, network impairments such as packet loss can severely degrade the perceived visual quality. Several standard organizations have established a minimum set of performance objectives which should be achieved for obtaining satisfactory quality. Therefore, video service providers should continuously monitor the network and the quality of the received video streams in order to detect visual degradations. Objective video quality metrics enable automatic measurement of perceived quality. Unfortunately, the most reliable metrics require access to both the original and the received video streams which makes them inappropriate for real-time monitoring. In this article, we present a novel no-reference bitstream-based visual quality impairment detector which enables real-time detection of visual degradations caused by network impairments. By only incorporating information extracted from the encoded bitstream, network impairments are classified as visible or invisible to the end-user. Our results show that impairment visibility can be classified with a high accuracy which enables real-time validation of the existing performance objectives.

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“…The difficulty is compounded when Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints are added to the scheduling problem. It is has been shown that effective IPTV delivery requires low jitter [28][29][30]. The selection of a set of N cells to transfer per time-slot in an IQ switch is equivalent to finding a matching in a bipartite graph.…”

Section: Luxembourg the Netherlands Finland Andorra Sweden And Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an IPTV Multicast System for Internet Backbone Networks

Szymański

Gilbert

2010

International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting

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The design of an IPTV multicast system for the Internet backbone network is presented and explored through extensive simulations. In the proposed system, a resource reservation algorithm such as RSVP, IntServ, or DiffServ is used to reserve resources (i.e., bandwidth and buffer space) in each router in an IP multicast tree. Each router uses an Input-Queued, Output-Queued, or Crosspoint-Queued switch architecture with unity speedup. A recently proposed Recursive Fair Stochastic Matrix Decomposition algorithm used to compute near-perfect transmission schedules for each IP router. The IPTV traffic is shaped at the sources using Application-Specific Token Bucker Traffic Shapers, to limit the burstiness of incoming network traffic. The IPTV traffic is shaped at the destinations using Application-Specific Playback Queues, to remove residual network jitter and reconstruct the original bursty IPTV video streams at each destination. All IPTV traffic flows are regenerated at the destinations with essentially zero delay jitter and essentially-perfect QoS. The destination nodes deliver the IPTV streams to the ultimate end users using the same IPTV multicast system over a regional Metropolitan Area Network. It is shown that all IPTV traffic is delivered with essentiallyperfect end-to-end QoS, with deterministic bounds on the maximum delay and jitter on each video frame. Detailed simulations of an IPTV distribution system, multicasting several hundred high-definition IPTV video streams over several essentially saturated IP backbone networks are presented.

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The Perceptual and Attentive Impact of Delay and Jitter in Multimedia Delivery

Cited by 55 publications

References 23 publications

Video Quality Assessment on Mobile Devices: Subjective, Behavioral and Objective Studies

Video Quality Assessment on Mobile Devices: Subjective, Behavioral and Objective Studies

No-Reference Bitstream-Based Visual Quality Impairment Detection for High Definition H.264/AVC Encoded Video Sequences

Design of an IPTV Multicast System for Internet Backbone Networks

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