THE PERCHLORATES OF THE ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS AND AMMONIUM. THEIR SOLUBILITY IN WATER AND OTHER SOLVENTS<sup>1</sup>

Willard, H. H.; Smith, G. Frederick

doi:10.1021/ja01655a004

Cited by 78 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…It should be noted that between the change in the solubility of LP and MP in nine solvents24, 25 a mutual proportionality has not been observed ( R = −0.45). The solubility of LP in diethyl ether at 25 °C corresponds to a maximum value of 6.06 M, whereas the solubility of MP in diethyl ether amounts only to (6–9) × 10 −3 M 24, 25. There is also a considerable difference concerning the solvent influence on the enthalpy of solution of MP and LP ( R = 0.79).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Solvent effect on the heat of solution and partial molar volume of magnesium perchlorate

Kiselev

Bolotov

Kashaeva

et al. 2010

J of Physical Organic Chem

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For magnesium perchlorate (MP), the solvent effect on the heat of solution and partial molar volumes (PMV) at 25 °C was studied. Since the complete dissociation of magnesium perchlorate is more difficult to achieve as compared with lithium perchlorate (LP), the concentration dependence of the values of the heat of solution and partial molar volume were noted. Only in highly polar solvents with large donor numbers (DN), such as water, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N‐dimethyl formamide, and formamide, the differential and integral values of the enthalpies of solution were the same in the range of concentrations studied. In all solvents studied, the values of the heat of solution of MP were highly exothermic and exceed that of LP by more than 30 kcal mol−1. The values of the partial molar volume of MP were changed from 82.3 cm3 mol−1 in formamide to −2.4 cm3 mol−1 in acetone, and correlate linearly with that of LP (R = 0.975). Taking into account the significant change in the properties of molecules in the solvate shell of cation Mg2+, the large increase in the reactivity of reactants, activated by such interaction with Mg2+ cation is expected. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Solvent effect on the heat of solution and partial molar volume of magnesium perchlorate

Kiselev

Bolotov

Kashaeva

et al. 2010

J of Physical Organic Chem

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“…Similar results are observed for azulene and 2 in solutions of lithium perchlorate‐diethyl ether, hereafter LPDE, as recorded in Table III. Strictly anhydrous lithium perchlorate is extremely soluble in dry diethyl ether, with solutions up to 6.06 M possible 21, 22, 49–57. Below 4.25 M LPDE, these solutions are composed of increasing amounts of Li(OEt 2 )

_{+}^{2}

ClO

_{−}^{4}

ions, while at 4.25 M Li(OEt 2 )

_{+}^{2}

ClO

_{−}^{4}

exists.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 4.25 M and 6.06 M LPDE, the concentration of Li(OEt 2 )

_{+}^{2}

ClO

_{−}^{4}

decreases and that of Li(OEt 2 ) + ClO

_{−}^{4}

increases. The limit of solubility, 6.06 M, corresponds to the ionic composition Li(OEt 2 ) + ClO

_{−}^{4}

with 5 M LPDE solutions having been described as “more polar than water” 22, 49, 50, 58. As in neat solvents, the low‐energy absorbance band of 1 displays a lack of solvatochromism, undergoing a mere 1 nm change in λ max from pure ether to a 5 M LPDE solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Predict Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation?

Desai

Giugliano

2012

Clinical Cardiology

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered by generalists and cardiologists alike. Much of the attendant morbidity from AF arises from systemic embolic complications which are effectively reduced with utilization of anti-platelet and/or anticoagulant therapy. The systemic embolic complications of AF and the medical therapy to attenuate these risks are very well established. Through the course of this review, we aim to highlight the complex relationship between AF and other, ''non-embolic'' outcomes. The presence of AF has been demonstrated to be associated with a 1.5 to 2-fold increase in mortality across numerous observational cohorts. Still further, AF frequently coexists with heart failure, whether as a causative factor or a consequence of underlying structural heart disease or neurohumoral derangement, where its presence is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Whether AF is an independent risk factor for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remains controversial, though its occurrence in patients with ACS has been shown to be associated with adverse outcomes both in observational cohorts as well as clinical trial populations. Individuals with AF have a 1.5 to 3-fold increase in the rate of hospitalization and are at elevated risk for other arrhythmic disorders including both bradyarrhythmias as well as tachyarrhythmias. AF leads to considerable morbidity and mortality for patients and exacts a tremendous financial toll on the healthcare system-estimated to range from $6.0 to $26.0 billion. Given the current demographic transition in developed countries, the prevalence of AF will continue to increase and the need for refined approaches to risk stratification and pharmacotherapeutic interventions to attenuate the burden on patients will only become more important. IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia requiring medical attention. Its incidence and prevalence increase with advancing age, affecting nearly 10% of individuals age 80 years or older, and in the presence of concomitant cardiovascular (CV) disease.1 The estimated incremental costs of AF using current demographic data range from $6.0 to $26.0 billion.2 Much of the attendant morbidity from AF arises from systemic embolic complications that are effectively reduced with use of antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy. In fact, well-established risk-stratification models exist to estimate embolic risk and enable patients and providers to make informed treatment decisions. However, in this review article we hope to synthesize information regarding the relationship between AF with other adverse outcomes, including mortality, heart failure (HF), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), other arrhythmias, and hospitalizations ( Figure 1) and ask whether a global risk model can be created for patients with AF.

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“…For example, the Macherey-Nagel NucleoTraP PCR Clean-up Kit performed significantly worse than the other three kits which we evaluated. This could have been due to incompatibility of residual 2-butanol left over following phase separation with the binding buffer; the binding buffer of the NucleoTraP kit contains sodium perchlorate, which can be insoluble in butanol depending on the concentration [12]. Thus, to avoid similar issues, kits which contain sodium perchlorate in the extraction buffers may want to be avoided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized methodology for product recovery following emulsion PCR: applications for amplification of aptamer libraries and other complex templates

O’Connell

Smothers

2020

J Biol Methods

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Bias and background issues make efficient amplification of complex template mixes such as aptamer and genomic DNA libraries via conventional PCR methods difficult; emulsion PCR is being increasingly used in such scenarios to circumvent these problems. However, before products generated via emulsion PCR can be used in downstream workflows, they need to be recovered from the water-in-oil emulsion. Often, emulsions are broken following amplification using volatile organic solvents, and product is subsequently isolated via precipitation. Unfortunately, the use of such solvents requires the implementation of special environmental controls, and the yield and purity of DNA isolated by precipitation can be highly variable. Here, we describe the optimization of a simple protocol which can be used to recover products following emulsion PCR using a 2-butanol extraction and subsequent DNA isolation via a commercially available clean-up kit. This protocol avoids the use of volatile solvents and precipitation steps, and we demonstrate that it can be used to reliably recover DNA from water-in-oil emulsions with efficiencies as high as 90%. Furthermore, we illustrate the practical applicability of this protocol by demonstrating how it can be implemented to recover a complex random aptamer library following amplification via emulsion PCR.

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THE PERCHLORATES OF THE ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS AND AMMONIUM. THEIR SOLUBILITY IN WATER AND OTHER SOLVENTS¹

Cited by 78 publications

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Solvent effect on the heat of solution and partial molar volume of magnesium perchlorate

Solvent effect on the heat of solution and partial molar volume of magnesium perchlorate

Can We Predict Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation?

Optimized methodology for product recovery following emulsion PCR: applications for amplification of aptamer libraries and other complex templates

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THE PERCHLORATES OF THE ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS AND AMMONIUM. THEIR SOLUBILITY IN WATER AND OTHER SOLVENTS1

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Solvent effect on the heat of solution and partial molar volume of magnesium perchlorate

Solvent effect on the heat of solution and partial molar volume of magnesium perchlorate

Can We Predict Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation?

Optimized methodology for product recovery following emulsion PCR: applications for amplification of aptamer libraries and other complex templates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

THE PERCHLORATES OF THE ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS AND AMMONIUM. THEIR SOLUBILITY IN WATER AND OTHER SOLVENTS¹