The percolation phase transition and statistical multifragmentation in finite systems

Pietrzak, T.; Botvina, A. S.; Brzychczyk, J.; Buyukcizmeci, N.; Févre, A. Le; Łukasik, J.; Pawłowski, P.; Sfienti, C.; Trautmann, W.; Wieloch, A.

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135763

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…But the maximum of the M IMF does not coincide with the pseudo-critical point. As reported by Pietizak et al [41], the coincidence of K 3 = 0 and the minimum value of K 4 provides a robust indication of the pseudo-critical point, where M IMF falls most sharply with increasing Z bound . Figure 5 shows that the pseudo-critical points are located at Z bound = 25 for 107 Sn, and Z bound = 27 for 124 La.…”

Section: Higher-order Fluctuations Of the Largest Fragment Charge And...supporting

confidence: 69%

“…Experimental data (symbols), IQMD (dash) and IQMD + GEMINI (lines) calculations of the mean multiplicity of IMFs, mean maximum charge Z max , variance, normalized variance K 2 , skewness K 3 , and kurtosis excess K 4 versus Z bound for the 107 Sn + 120 Sn and 124 La + 120 Sn collisions at 600 MeV/nucleon. Experimental data are taken from reference [41].…”

Section: Higher-order Fluctuations Of the Largest Fragment Charge And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…as a function of the bound charge Z bound for the 107 Sn + 120 Sn and 124 La + 120 Sn collisions at 600 MeV/nucleon by IQMD (dash) and IQMD + GEMINI (solid) models. The experimental data (symbols) for the same reaction, performed with a natural Sn target (atomic weight 118.7), are taken from reference [41]. The stable isotope 120 Sn accounts for the largest proportion in the natural Sn.…”

Section: Higher-order Fluctuations Of the Largest Fragment Charge And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The signatures of the liquid-gas phase transition can be indicated by several observables, such as the nuclear specific heat capacity [26][27][28][29][30], IMFs [31,32], bimodality in charge asymmetry [33][34][35][36], and fluctuations of the heaviest fragment charge [29,[37][38][39][40]. Recently, the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge in projectile fragmentation have been investigated both in the experimental data and the simulations by the statistical multifragmentation model (SMM) [40,41]. It is proposed as the robust signature of the second-order phase transition and has been applied to extract the properties in critical point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissipation of energy and higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge in projectile fragmentation

Xiao¹,

Feng²,

Lei³

et al. 2022

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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The higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge were found to exhibit the signatures of a second-order phase transition in experimental data and simulations of the statistical multifragmentation model recently [PLB809(2020)135763]. This work is devoted to study the dissipation of energy and higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge in the projectile fragmentation. The isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model is used to study the non-equilibrium thermalization and fragmentation. The statistical code GEMINI is applied to simulate the second decay of the pre-fragments. To reveal how the incident energy dissipates into the excitation energy of the projectile-like system, the time evolution of the density, collective velocity, and random kinetic energy are displayed. It is found that the competition between the heat conduction and heat flux affects the excitation energy of projectile-like system, which is the key variable in the fragmenting process. Displaying the mean multiplicity of the intermediate mass fragments and the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge, it is found that the decay mechanism of the projectile-like system transfers from the multi-fragmentation at mid-peripheral collision into the nucleon-evaporation at peripheral collision. The pseudo-critical point of this transition can be indicated by the zero of third order fluctuation together with the minimum of fourth order fluctuation. The calculations of the pseudo-critical point by the IQMD+GEMINI model agree with that extracted from the experimental data. Finally, the influences of the pseudo-critical point by the second decay, the mass number of the colliding system, and the incident energy are studied.

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Section: Higher-order Fluctuations Of the Largest Fragment Charge And...supporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Higher-order Fluctuations Of the Largest Fragment Charge And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Higher-order Fluctuations Of the Largest Fragment Charge And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dissipation of energy and higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge in projectile fragmentation

Xiao¹,

Feng²,

Lei³

et al. 2022

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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“…LGPT probes [17,18], such as the bimodality in charge asymmetry [19] and back bending of constant pressures caloric curves [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties of critical temperatures based on higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge*

Xiao 肖,

Lei 雷,

Huang 黄

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. C

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The new signature of liquid-gas phase transition has been well indicated by the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge, but the uncertainties of critical temperatures based on this signature has not been revealed.This work is proposed to extract the critical temperatures of liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear reactions and study their uncertainties. The isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model coupling with statistical model GEMINI enables us to describe the dynamical path from initial to final state.The isotope thermometer and quantum fluctuation thermometer are applied to extract nuclear temperature. The higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge and critical temperatures are studied in $^{124}$Sn + $^{120}$Sn collisions from 400 to 1000 MeV/nucleon, and $^{124}$Sn + $^{A}$Z collisions at 600 MeV/nucleon. It is observed that the pseudo-critical point is robustly indicated by the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge. The critical temperatures extracted by isotope thermometer are relatively uniform with 15% uncertainty, while those by quantum fluctuation thermometer strongly depend on the incident energy and mass number of target nuclei.The excitation energy $E^{*}$ and bound charge $Z_{bound}$ are used for event-sorting. These two ensembles represent the statistical properties of initial and final states of system, respectively. The initial-final correlations of the statistical properties might cause two phenomena. First the size distribution of the largest fragment at pseudo-critical point based on $Z_{bound}$ ensemble is wide, while that based on $E^{*}$ ensemble exhibits the bimodality which is the typical characteristic in the liquid-gas coexistence of finite system. Second the temperature at pseudo-critical point based on $Z_{bound}$ ensemble is higher than that based on $E^{*}$ ensemble. Furthermore the projectile-like system exhibits significant dynamical effect in the evolution path from initial to final state, which is closely related to the fluctuation of critical temperature.

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Fluctuations of the largest fragment charge in projectile fragmentation and its nonequilibrium effect

Zhu

Xiao

2022

Phys. Rev. C

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The percolation phase transition and statistical multifragmentation in finite systems

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Dissipation of energy and higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge in projectile fragmentation

Dissipation of energy and higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge in projectile fragmentation

Uncertainties of critical temperatures based on higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge*

Fluctuations of the largest fragment charge in projectile fragmentation and its nonequilibrium effect

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