The performance analysis and multi-objective optimization of a typical alkaline fuel cell

Zhang, Houcheng; Lin, Guoxing; Chen, Jincan

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.04.009

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the present study, only modeling of electricity generated by AFC is considered. Equation () is used to calculate the AFC output voltage 38 :

\begin{matrix} lefttrue \\ V_{italicAFC} = E - V_{italicact} - V_{italiccon} - V_{italicohm} \\ = \frac{- Δ G - \frac{R \times T}{α} \times \ln (j_{italicAFC} / j_{0}) - \frac{R \times T}{α} \times \ln (j_{L} / j_{L} - j_{italicAFC}) - 2 {italicFj}_{italicAFC} \times \frac{t_{ele}}{k}}{2 F} \end{matrix}

where t ele ,

α

, and j 0 and refer to the electrolyte thickness, transfer coefficient, and exchange current density. Moreover, the AFC electricity and efficiency are obtained from the following equations:

P_{AFC} = V_{AFC} \times A_{AFC} \times N_{AFC} \times j_{AFC}

and

η_{AFC} = \frac{P_{italicAFC}}{- normalΔ h \times j_{AFC} \times A_{AFC} / 2 \times F}

…”

Section: System Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance evaluation of two proton exchange membrane and alkaline fuel cells for use inUAVsby investigating the effect of operating altitude

Rostami¹,

Manshadi²,

Afshari

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Fuel cells today have a variety of applications, such as fueling vehicles, which lead to a reduction in conventional fuel consumption and environmental pollution. On the other hand, in the present era, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is known as one of the most important unmanned systems for delivering postal packages, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, and military target. However, the performance of fuel cells is affected by their operating pressure and temperature. In addition, due to some political and technical considerations, the performance of these systems (especially UAV based on fuel cells) is very rare in the literature. The present work provides a conceptual design of UAV propulsion system based on a fuel cell system and a battery. The performance of two different fuel cells, namely the alkaline fuel cell (AFC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), is examined separately and compared. Mission and constraint analyses of the system, as well as weight distribution of UAV, are provided. Furthermore, the performance of the UAV propulsion system in different flight modes and the performance of fuel cells under atmospheric conditions are discussed. It should be noted that reference UAV data are used for input parameters. It was found that the total power required by the UAV to carry out the mission is equal to 1253.7 W, which the share of takeoff, climb, cruise, and maximum speed flight modes were 321.3, 608.5, 118.3, and 205.6 W, respectively. Furthermore, the UAV under study, in this paper, has flight endurance of about 7.4 hours. Also, the required area of the PEMFC and AFC to supply the UAV power under the study conditions is about 0.03 and 0.6 m2, respectively. Finally, it observed that with increasing altitude (in the absence of a heating system) the performance of both fuel cells is greatly reduced.

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“…In the present study, only modeling of electricity generated by AFC is considered. Equation () is used to calculate the AFC output voltage 38 :

\begin{matrix} lefttrue \\ V_{italicAFC} = E - V_{italicact} - V_{italiccon} - V_{italicohm} \\ = \frac{- Δ G - \frac{R \times T}{α} \times \ln (j_{italicAFC} / j_{0}) - \frac{R \times T}{α} \times \ln (j_{L} / j_{L} - j_{italicAFC}) - 2 {italicFj}_{italicAFC} \times \frac{t_{ele}}{k}}{2 F} \end{matrix}

where t ele ,

α

, and j 0 and refer to the electrolyte thickness, transfer coefficient, and exchange current density. Moreover, the AFC electricity and efficiency are obtained from the following equations:

P_{AFC} = V_{AFC} \times A_{AFC} \times N_{AFC} \times j_{AFC}

and

η_{AFC} = \frac{P_{italicAFC}}{- normalΔ h \times j_{AFC} \times A_{AFC} / 2 \times F}

…”

Section: System Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, only modeling of electricity generated by AFC is considered. Equation ( 9) is used to calculate the AFC output voltage 38 :…”

Section: Afc Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of two proton exchange membrane and alkaline fuel cells for use inUAVsby investigating the effect of operating altitude

Rostami¹,

Manshadi²,

Afshari

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…Vaudrey等人 [41] 以及 Wagner和Hoffmann [42] 基于FTT理论, 对内可逆燃料电人 [43] 则在有限速度热力学框架内, 对燃料电池与热机性能进行了比较研究. Lin等人 [44] 进一步研究了质子交换膜燃料电池 [46] 、碱性燃料电池 [47] 、熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 [48] 的最优性能.…”

Section: 被应用到各类能量系统的性能优化中取得了重要研究进展研究对象包括斯特林循环unclassified

Optimal current paths for a class of generalized electrochemical reaction systems

2020

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“…Focusing on AFCs, there are few published optimization studies. For example: (i) a flowing electrolyte AFC mathematical model was utilized by Zhang et al [19] to predict system power and efficiency,and performed a multi-objective optimization for system power and efficiency. The results showed an optimal KOH concentration for maximum performance; (ii) Kimble and White [20] performed a sensitivity analysis to investigate relative impact and optimize transport, kinetic, and structural parameters for maximum power density in a supported electrolyte AFC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The maximization of an alkaline membrane fuel cell (AMFC) net power output

Sommer

Vargas

Martins

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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This study optimizes numerically the relative sizes, spacings (internal structure), and aspect ratios (external configuration) of a single alkaline membrane fuel cell for maximum net power. The alkaline membrane fuel cell (AMFC) cellulosic membrane brings new light to the possibility of having alkaline fuel cells that are nontoxic and asbestos free as compared with static electrolyte cells that use an asbestos separator and ammonium-based alkaline anion-exchange membranes. A dimensionless dynamic mathematical model is utilized in the process, and the results are presented in normalized charts for generality. Two degrees of freedom are considered as follows: (i) the relative thicknesses of two reaction and diffusion layers and the membrane space (internal structure); and (ii) the external aspect ratios of a square section plate that contains all single alkaline membrane fuel cell components (external configuration). The optimized internal and external configurations result from the optimal balance between electrical power output and pumping power to supply fuel and oxidant to the AMFC. A third level of optimization is found, that is, the KOH mass fraction in the electrolyte that leads to a 3-way-maximized net power output. A sixfold variation in AMFC net power output is observed as the internal and external configurations, and KOH mass fraction are changed. Such effect stresses the importance of pinpointing the optimal AMFC configuration in order to avoid poor performance. New algebraic correlations are derived to indicate in dimensionless form, the optimal configurations for the internal and external structure, and resulting maximum net power output, which are important for scaling up and down the AMFC design with ease, without having to perform new simulations.

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The performance analysis and multi-objective optimization of a typical alkaline fuel cell

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Performance evaluation of two proton exchange membrane and alkaline fuel cells for use inUAVsby investigating the effect of operating altitude

Performance evaluation of two proton exchange membrane and alkaline fuel cells for use inUAVsby investigating the effect of operating altitude

Optimal current paths for a class of generalized electrochemical reaction systems

The maximization of an alkaline membrane fuel cell (AMFC) net power output

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