The performance and application of fly ash modified by PDMDAAC

Preparation and characteristics of quaternary amino anion exchanger from wheat residue

“…It has been widely used across research fields for its high efficiency and practical economic value [23,24]. In this study, orthogonal tests were applied to validate the optimal reaction conditions and the key influential factor in the preparation of WR-QE.…”

“…To determine the key influential factor, a further orthogonal analysis was performed [24]. The calculated k and R values which are widely used in the range analysis of orthogonal tests are listed in Table 4, where k is the average of the data in one level of the single factor, and R is the difference between the maximal value and minimal value of k.…”

Impact factors and thermodynamic characteristics of aquatic humic acid loaded onto kaolin

“…Thus, a composite analysis is required for further understanding of fractional factorial design, which can comprehensively reflect the effects of all aspects selected in experiment. Orthogonal experimental design has been widely used across research fields for its high efficiency and practical economic value [22,41]. In this study, orthogonal tests with three factors and four levels were applied to determine the key influential factor of all conditions, examined by the adsorption efficiency.…”

Kinetics of nitrification in a fixed biofilm reactor using dewatered sludge-fly ash composite ceramic particle as a supporting medium

“…At present, the dewatered waste sludge produced from municipal wastewater treatment plant was used for additive of cement, production of bricks and cultivated soil (Zorpas et al 2003). Fly ash was reused for a substitute of part of cement for reduction of cement use and lowered the energy consumption as well as the production of carbon dioxide (Cao et al 2007). The raw materials of ceramic particles was primarily obtained from the clay of farmland, however, a great amount of clay used for the production of ceramic particles used in the water and wastewater treatment would harm the conversation of farmland (Han et al 2009a).…”