The Performance Improvement of THZ Antenna via Modeling and Characterization of Doped Graphene

Gatte, Mohammed Taih; Soh, Ping Jack; Rahim, Hasliza A.; Ahmad, Robiah; Malek, F.

doi:10.2528/pierm16050405

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…From the study of Azizi et al, it is clear that the return loss peak value is almost twice that obtained with the copper patch (about −29 dB) for the graphene patch [101]. In another study [34], undoped pure graphene is used for the antenna design, and the antenna is modeled in the simulation. Then, different graphene models were created, and the corresponding surface conductors were obtained by applying voltage or adding chemical additives.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of changing graphene's chemical potential (µ c ) on the surface conductivity has been studied [34]. This effect varies depending on the carrier density, which can be controlled by gate voltage, electric bias field, or chemical doping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formula explaining this situation is given below (Equation ( 2)). Graphene conductivity ranges are given according to the relevant frequency bands in the study of Gatte et al [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Aydın

2021

Polymers

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In this study, the effects of graphene and design differences on bow-tie microstrip antenna performance and bandwidth improvement were investigated both with simulation and experiments. In addition, the conductivity of graphene can be dynamically tuned by changing its chemical potential. The numerical calculations of the proposed antennas at 2–10 GHz were carried out using the finite integration technique in the CST Microwave Studio program. Thus, three bow-tie microstrip antennas with different antenna parameters were designed. Unlike traditional production techniques, due to its cost-effectiveness and easy production, antennas were produced using 3D printing, and then measurements were conducted. A very good match was observed between the simulation and the measurement results. The performance of each antenna was analyzed, and then, the effects of antenna sizes and different chemical potentials on antenna performance were investigated and discussed. The results show that the bow-tie antenna with a slot, which is one of the new advantages of this study, provides a good match and that it has an ultra-bandwidth of 18 GHz in the frequency range of 2 to 20 GHz for ultra-wideband applications. The obtained return loss of −10 dB throughout the applied frequency shows that the designed antennas are useful. In addition, the proposed antennas have an average gain of 9 dBi. This study will be a guide for microstrip antennas based on the desired applications by changing the size of the slots and chemical potential in the conductive parts in the design.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Aydın

2021

Polymers

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“…Coating the conducting layers of a microstrip antenna using graphene first requires the calculation and characterization of its properties in the MMW and Sub‐MMW frequency bands. An elliptical microstrip antenna is chosen as subject of investigation to maintain simplicity 31 . Its dimensions are listed in Table 2 for operation in both MMW and Sub‐MMW bands.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional graphene without any chemical potential is denoted as non‐doped graphene (NDG). Then, the calculated values of the frequency‐dependent surface impedance are used in the modeling of monolayer graphene, which will then be inserted into a commercial electromagnetic solver, CST Microwave Studio, to be evaluated in the form of a microstrip antenna design 30,31,35 . The design parameters of the proposed patch antenna are depicted in Table 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and performance evaluation of antennas coated using monolayer graphene in the millimeter and sub‐millimeter wave bands

Gatte

Soh

Kadhim

et al. 2021

Int J Numerical Modelling

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In the applications of millimeter and sub‐millimeter wave, the conductivity of metal parts in electronic devices can easily degrade when conventional metals like copper are employed. Furthermore, oxidation may arise when such devices are utilized in severe environmental conditions. To avoid this, conventional conductors such as copper can be coated with other non‐active materials to inhibit this problem. Monolayer graphene is used in this study as a coating layers for copper in millimeter‐wave antennas. Two types of graphene coatings are investigated: non‐doped and doped monolayer graphene. These coatings can either be used as the patch, ground or both conducting layers of a microstrip patch antenna. Results showed that coating using doped graphene improves the performance of antenna in terms of gain, radiated power and radiation efficiency by 11.81%, 8.48%, and 11.48%, respectively, compared to antennas made using copper and coated using gold and non‐doped graphene at millimeter‐wave frequencies. Meanwhile, at sub‐millimeter wave frequencies, the metal (copper and gold)‐based antenna showed worse performance compared to millimeter waves. Furthermore, coating of the conducting elements for the sub‐millimeter wave antenna using doped and non‐doped graphene improved gain, radiated power and radiation efficiency by 33.94%, 32.73%, and 32.01%, respectively, for the coating with doped graphene, and about 14.87%, 16.56%, and 15.72% for the coating with non‐doped graphene. This indicates the suitability of graphene‐based antennas in both frequency bands and the expected levels of improvements for different parameters when these antenna elements are coated with doped and non‐doped graphene.

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THz antennas design, developments, challenges, and applications: A review

Pant¹,

Malviya²

2023

Int J Communication

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Terahertz (0.1-10 THz) wireless communication will be the future technology to reach a top-notch data rate. THz is one of the most promising candidates for 6G systems because it provides enormous bandwidth, up to 100 GHz, and a massive data rate of up to 1 Tbps. THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antenna arrays in 6G are hot research topics for implementing 6G wireless communication systems. The 6G aims to continue to enhance the features of the 5G as it is capable of achieving the maximum high-speed data rate, excellent reliable communication, massive connectivity, and very low latency connectivity. The 6G requirements need high-gain antenna arrays and MIMO antenna arrays to combat the effect of atmospheric losses in high frequencies. An in-depth discussion of the planar THz antennas that have been extensively used in THz applications like imaging, sensing, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) has been conducted. The study of the THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antennas on different conducting materials such as copper and graphene, which are designed on different dielectric substrates such as polyimide, quartz, liquid crystalline polymer, and polytetrafluoroethylene, has been carried out in detail. Metamaterial, photoconductive, plasmonic antennas, and THz beamforming are significant parts of THz communications. This paper also provides antennas and antenna arrays based on them.

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The Performance Improvement of THZ Antenna via Modeling and Characterization of Doped Graphene

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications

3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Modeling and performance evaluation of antennas coated using monolayer graphene in the millimeter and sub‐millimeter wave bands

THz antennas design, developments, challenges, and applications: A review

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