The performance of glucose electrodes and the characteristics of different biofuel cell constructions

Rao, J. R.; Richter, G.; Sturm, Ferdinand von; Weidlich, E.

doi:10.1016/0302-4598(76)85014-3

Cited by 127 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…To sum up, the MFC with a CNT/ PANI carbon paper electrode would provide the greatest electricity generation. These findings further exhibit its feasibility to improvement of power performance in MFCs [30]. …”

supporting

confidence: 56%

Electrode Material of Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline Carbon Paper Applied in Microbial Fuel Cells

Wang¹,

Huang²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

JOCET

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Abstract-Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are promising clean energy sources for simultaneous recycling of organic waste while harvesting electricity. As for the different effects of electrode materials on the power performance of MFCs, a new material of electrode, carbon nanotube/polyaniline carbon paper (CNT/PANI carbon paper) was utilized and compared with other traditional carbon paper/cloth in this study. Results show that a lower ohmic loss and a better power performance were executed by using CNT/PANI carbon paper. These findings further exhibit its feasibility to improvement of power performance in MFCs.Index Terms-Electrode, microbial fuel cells, carbon nanotube / polyaniline carbon paper. I. INTRODUCTIONThe exhaustion of petroleum stores and the impending energy crisis will result in the future destruction of the environment. To help prevent this, seeking clean and renewable energy to replace traditional petrochemical energy has been continued. Here, the microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are one of green energy sources because MFCs uses microorganisms as a substrate and possesses active electrodes using the microorganism metabolism to produce electricity. The working principle of a microbial fuel cell is similar to that of a fuel cell. But, the main difference between them is the microorganisms' function in the microbial fuel cell to carry out the energy conversion [1].The microbial fuel cell can be divided into direct microbial fuel cells and indirect ones [2]-[4]. A typical MFC consists of an anode chamber and a cathode chamber separated by a proton exchange membrane (PEM) whose available source is multiple [4]- [7]. As for the electrode materials, graphite particles, graphite felt, carbon paper, carbon cloth, reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) and carbon brush were often used previously.Concerning the feature of different electrode material resulting in different activation polarization losses [1], [2], Pt and Pt black electrodes are superior to graphite, graphite felt and carbon cloth electrodes for power performance, but their costs are much higher [8]. Schröder et al.,[9] reported that using a platinumized carbon cloth electrode in E. coli MFC with a current density of 0.84mA/cm 2 would be greater than Manuscript received October 23, 2012; revised January 18, 2013. This work was supported by National Science Council of the Republic of China, Taiwan.(Contract No. NSC-101-2221-E-197-006 and NSC-101-2622-E-004-CC3). In addition, a part of financial assistance was supported by National I Lan University The authors are with Department of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan, 26047, Taiwan (e-mail: ctwang@niu.edu.tw).that of using standard carbon cloth electrode whose value is 0.02mA/cm 2 . In addition, a value of electricity generation with1.45mA/cm 2 was obtained by using a platinumized carbon cloth electrode with polyaniline. Generally, Pt has a higher catalytic activity with regard to oxygen than graphite materials [10]- [12].Several research groups have looked into...

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supporting

confidence: 56%

Electrode Material of Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline Carbon Paper Applied in Microbial Fuel Cells

Wang¹,

Huang²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

JOCET

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“…Whereas the reductions of Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides and anodes appear highly similar, distinct differences indicate that not only the redox potential Cl - Figure 1 Schematic representation of possible reactions occurring at biologically catalyzed anodes and cathodes. At the anode, electrons are gained through the oxidation of organic electron donors (Rao et al, 1976) or possibly also sulfide oxidation . The electrons can be conveyed to the anode by either direct or indirect electron transfer.…”

Section: How Do Bacteria Function In a Bes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial ecology meets electrochemistry: electricity-driven and driving communities

et al. 2007

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Bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) have recently emerged as an exciting technology. In a BES, bacteria interact with electrodes using electrons, which are either removed or supplied through an electrical circuit. The most-described type of BES is microbial fuel cells (MFCs), in which useful power is generated from electron donors as, for example, present in wastewater. This form of charge transport, known as extracellular electron transfer, was previously extensively described with respect to metals such as iron and manganese. The importance of these interactions in global biogeochemical cycles is essentially undisputed. A wide variety of bacteria can participate in extracellular electron transfer, and this phenomenon is far more widespread than previously thought. The use of BESs in diverse research projects is helping elucidate the mechanism by which bacteria shuttle electrons externally. New forms of interactions between bacteria have been discovered demonstrating how multiple populations within microbial communities can co-operate to achieve energy generation. New environmental processes that were difficult to observe or study previously can now be simulated and improved via BESs. Whereas pure culture studies make up the majority of the studies performed thus far, even greater contributions of BESs are expected to occur in natural environments and with mixed microbial communities. Owing to their versatility, unmatched level of control and capacity to sustain novel processes, BESs might well serve as the foundation of a new environmental biotechnology. While highlighting some of the major breakthroughs and addressing only recently obtained data, this review points out that despite rapid progress, many questions remain unanswered.

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“…2 In addition, because EBC systems use human body-friendly fuels, such as glucose, glycerol, water and oxygen, for electricity generation, they can be embedded as power generators for the operation of artificial internal organs, such as artificial hearts and brains, insulin pumps or bone stimulators. [4][5][6][7][8] However, in spite of such promising facets of EBC systems, the commercialization of EBCs using GOx has been limited because of their low EBC performance and poor durability. 9 The disadvantages are attributed to the low immobilization ratio of GOx molecules, slow GOx-related reaction rate, low GOx activity and easy GOx denaturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new biocatalyst employing pyrenecarboxaldehyde as an anodic catalyst for enhancing the performance and stability of an enzymatic biofuel cell

2017

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A new enzyme catalyst consisting of pyrenecarboxaldehyde (PCA) and glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on polyethyleneimine (PEI) and a carbon nanotube supporter (CNT/PEI/[PCA/GOx]) is suggested, and the performance and stability of an enzymatic biofuel cell (EBC) using the new catalyst are evaluated. Using PCA, the amount of immobilized GOx increases (3.3 U mg − 1 ) and the electron transfer rate constant of the CNT/PEI/[PCA/GOx] is promoted (11.51 s − 1 ). Also, the catalyst induces excellent EBC performance (maximum power density (MPD) of 2.1 mW cm − 2 ), long-lasting stability (maintenance of 93% of the initial MPD after 4 weeks) and superior catalytic activity (flavin adenine dinucleotide redox reaction rate of 0.62 mA cm − 2 and Michaelis-Menten constant of 0.99 mM). These characteristics are ascribed to effects of (i) electron collection due to hydrophobic interactions, (ii) electron transfer pathways due to π-conjugated bonds and (iii) enzyme stabilization due to π-hydrogen bonds that are newly induced by the PCA/GOx composite. The existence of such positive interactions is properly verified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and enzyme activity measurements. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e386; doi:10.1038/am.2017.75; published online 2 June 2017 INTRODUCTIONThe demand for clean electrical energy is increasing as a result of weather changes caused by the greenhouse effect and depletion of fossil fuels. 1 To meet this demand, related research and development efforts are being eagerly pursued. As one of the efforts, enzymatic biofuel cells (EBCs) that convert bioenergy into electrical energy are being considered. 2,3 In particular, EBC systems employing glucose oxidase (GOx) as a biocatalyst have emerged because of their advantageous properties, such as biocompatibility, excellent selectivity toward specific substrates and strong activity near neutral pH and room temperature. 2 In addition, because EBC systems use human body-friendly fuels, such as glucose, glycerol, water and oxygen, for electricity generation, they can be embedded as power generators for the operation of artificial internal organs, such as artificial hearts and brains, insulin pumps or bone stimulators. [4][5][6][7][8] However, in spite of such promising facets of EBC systems, the commercialization of EBCs using GOx has been limited because of their low EBC performance and poor durability. 9 The disadvantages are attributed to the low immobilization ratio of GOx molecules, slow GOx-related reaction rate, low GOx activity and easy GOx denaturation. Of them, low GOx immobilization has been considered the main problem.

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The performance of glucose electrodes and the characteristics of different biofuel cell constructions

Cited by 127 publications

References 5 publications

Electrode Material of Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline Carbon Paper Applied in Microbial Fuel Cells

Electrode Material of Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline Carbon Paper Applied in Microbial Fuel Cells

Microbial ecology meets electrochemistry: electricity-driven and driving communities

A new biocatalyst employing pyrenecarboxaldehyde as an anodic catalyst for enhancing the performance and stability of an enzymatic biofuel cell

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