The Performance of Hybrid Constructed Wetland System for Treating Batik Wastewater

Abstract

The batik industry is one of the Indonesian economic drivers. However, most of the batik industries discharge their wastewater without any prior treatment, thus endangering the environment. This research aims to investigate the ability of hybrid constructed wetlands (CWs) system using Canna indica in the batik wastewater treatment. The parameters studied were chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), and oil and grease (FOG) with 3, 5, and 7 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results indicate that the hybrid constructed wetland system using Canna indica optimally gains the COD and FOG removal efficiency on day 3 at 89.61% and 89.53%, while the TSS removal efficiency on day 5 at 98.74%. Despite the high removal efficiency, the effluent parameters remain below the standards for direct discharge into waterbodies. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate the appropriate pre-/advanced treatment to be combined with the hybrid constructed wetland in batik wastewater treatment.

Comparative analysis of greywater pollutant removal efficiency with horizontal free water surface flow wetland with other wetland technologies

“…On the other hand, the removal efficiency of oil and grease, ammonia, and total and feacal coliform was higher in this study than that reported by Ref. [ 37 ]. It should be noted that the lower removal efficiency of ammonia in this study may be due to the hydraulic retention time (HRT) which plays a crucial role in the efficiency of ammonia removal.…”

“…When the contact time is inadequate, there may be limited opportunities for ammonia removal to take place also s availability of nitrogen: Ammonia can be transformed into nitrate through nitrification, a process that necessitates the presence of sufficient oxygen and nitrogen-oxidizing bacteria. If the wetland system lacks these conditions or if there is limited nitrogen availability, the removal of ammonia may be more constrained than the values obtained in previous studies such as [ 36 , 37 ]. On the other hand, the removal efficiency of oil and grease, ammonia, and total and feacal coliform was higher in this study than that reported by Ref.…”

Acute Toxicity of Household-Scale Lebak Batik Industrial Wastewater on Common Carp

“…Based on Table 1, it can be seen that the BOD and TSS values did not exceed the quality standard, but the COD value was above the quality standard. This is different from the characteristic test of the batik industry wastewater in Yogyakarta, where BOD, COD and TSS values were obtained that exceed the quality standard (Joko dkk., 2016;Rahmadyanti & Audina, 2020). Even though this waste has gone through biological and physicochemical treatment processes (Indrayani & Triwiswara, 2018), another study that tested the quality of batik wastewater in Sidoarjo (Tangahu dkk., 2019) also produced COD and TSS values above the maximum limit for textile industrial wastewater (Andriani & Hartini, 2017).…”

Industrial wastewater treatment methods employed in Southeast Asian countries

“…The disadvantage for this method is that it requires experts in construction and observation. However, this method has a more stable process step and is sustainable due to the involvement of natural processes such as the use of plants to get rid of wastes [35].…”