The Performance of Orbital Angular Momentum Mode (|l| = 1~3) Amplification Based on Ring-Core Erbium-Doped Fibers

Liu, Shuaishuai; Zhang, Liang; Jiang, Q.; Xue, Xiaonan; Wen, Jianxiang; Chen, Wei; Liu, Huanhuan

doi:10.3390/photonics9070491

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The fine compatibility and structural similarity in the nonfullerene acceptors allow the two acceptors to easily form alloy‐like composites. [ 52–55 ] This result is in agreement with the DSC test, where Y6 and O1‐2F could form an alloy structure, which is beneficial for charge transfer, and thus facilitating the enhancement of J sc . Moreover, the addition of O1‐2F diminishes the miscibility between acceptor and the donors, facilitating the formation of a suitable vertical phase separation by avoiding over‐mixing between donor and acceptor.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Highly Efficient Layer‐by‐Layer Processed Quaternary Organic Solar Cells with Improved Charge Transport and Reduced Energy Loss

Jia

et al. 2022

Solar RRL

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How to improve charge transport properties and reduce energy losses are the two main challenges of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a new device fabrication strategy that combines the layer-by-layer (LBL) method and a quaternary active layer is demonstrated to realize highly efficient photovoltaic performance of the OSCs based on PM6:PM7/Y6:O1-2F. The introduction of the second donor, PM7, forms a cascade energy-level alignment with PM6 that facilitates effective charge transfer. The second acceptor, O1-2F, which is poorly miscible with the donors, helps to reduce the miscibility between the donors and acceptors, and thus delivers a more desirable vertical phase separation of the active layer. Furthermore, the alloy acceptor of O1-2F and Y6 can optimize the horizontal and vertical morphology of the active layer, forming an effective charge separation and continuous charge transport channel. As a result, the PM6:PM7/Y6:O1-2F system shows a distinct increase in charge mobility and a reduced nonradiative loss ΔV nr of 0.231 V compared to the PM6/Y6 system, achieving a high-power conversion efficiency of 18.23%. The results indicate that the quaternary LBL OSCs are promising for future large-scale and industrial manufacture of the OSCs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Highly Efficient Layer‐by‐Layer Processed Quaternary Organic Solar Cells with Improved Charge Transport and Reduced Energy Loss

Jia

et al. 2022

Solar RRL

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“…If the third component is lying between the D and A interfaces, then the individual phase formed by the third component will exist, thus forming the multiple‐phase morphology (Figure 1b). [ 95–97 ] In such situation, the third component phase may work as sub‐cells or stand as intermediary role for charge transfer or energy transfer. [ 97 ] Besides, there is another type of preferred morphology called vertical‐phase morphology (Figure 1c), in which donor component gathers around the anode side and acceptor component riches around the cathode side.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 95–97 ] In such situation, the third component phase may work as sub‐cells or stand as intermediary role for charge transfer or energy transfer. [ 97 ] Besides, there is another type of preferred morphology called vertical‐phase morphology (Figure 1c), in which donor component gathers around the anode side and acceptor component riches around the cathode side. [ 19,98 ] Such arrangement of vertical phase morphology benefits the charge transport in the vertical direction.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving and Understanding of Highly Efficient Ternary Organic Photovoltaics: From Morphology and Energy Loss to Working Mechanism

Zhan

et al. 2022

Small Methods

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design and device configuration innovation, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OPVs have been boosted rapidly in the recent few years. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Currently, the most advanced OPVs are based on Y-series non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), for which a series of molecular structure optimizations, including alkyl chain tuning, [24,25] asymmetric terminals, [12,[26][27][28] and heteroatom exchanging, [29,30] are explored, and various ternary or tandem devices are also developed to advance the PCEs to exceed 19% for single-junction devices and 20% for tandem devices, [31][32][33][34][35][36] thus speeding up the progress for the industrialization of OPVs. [37] For OPV devices, the whole working process for photon-to-electron conversion includes five steps: 1) exciton generation after light absorption; 2) exciton diffusion to donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces; 3) exciton dissociation into free charges; 4) free charge transport to buffer layers; 5) charge collection by the electrodes. [38] Among them, the intermediate three steps, which all face the big issue of charge recombination, mainly govern the achievement of high efficiencies. [39][40][41] Generally, exciton diffusion is correlated with domain sizes and exciton lifetimes, exciton dissociation is related with interface abundance and driving force, while charge transport is affected by molecular orientation and charge mobility. [42][43][44] And all above mentioned factors point to the same key topic: morphology control, [45] which can be modulated by tuning the photovoltaic material properties, for example, temperature-dependent aggregation for polymer donors, [46,47] dominant face-on orientation of small molecule acceptors, [48,49] or applying post-treatments including thermal annealing, solvent additive, etc. [50][51][52][53] Besides, utilizing ternary blend by introducing a third component is another effective and convenient way to achieve morphology control for higher efficiencies. [54][55][56] The well-refined active layer morphology may be equipped with some of the following features: bi-continuous interpenetrating network, modest domain sizes, defined vertical phase separation, fibril-like form, etc. [35,[57][58][59][60] In device parameters, through morphology control, short-circuit current density (J sc ) and fill factor (FF) can be managed significantly, while the open-circuit voltage (V oc ) is heavily dependent on the energy loss (E loss ). [61] Different from inorganic solar cells, the tightly Coulombic bounded Frenkel excitons in OPVs bring a critical problem that Ternary strategy, adding an additional donor (D) or acceptor (A) into conventional binary D:A blend, has shown great potential in improving photovoltaic performances of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for practical applications. Herein, this review is presented on how efficient ternary OPVs are realized from the aspects of morphology, energy loss, and working mechanism. As to morphology, the role of third component on the formation of...

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“…[ 16,17 ] Ternary blend methods demonstrate great potential while maintaining the simplicity of the fabrication processing method in single‐junction devices. [ 18–20 ] The concept of adding the third component into the binary system was established to enhance the performance of the devices by extending the light absorption region due to complementary absorption, resulting in high short‐circuit current density. Additionally, it results in improved morphology of the photoactive layer leading to favorable recombination behavior of the charge carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 21–23 ] The ternary blend strategy can facilitate efficient charge transfer between components via the selection of materials with appropriate energy levels. [ 18 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐Fullerene Acceptor‐Based Nanomorphology Enhancement for Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Khanam

Srivastava

Trang

et al. 2022

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Recently, the ternary active‐layer‐based organic solar cells have shown remarkable increment in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by utilizing the synergistic effect of complementary absorption, band alignment, and nano‐scale morphology enhancement. Non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are an important class of functional materials for the improved performance of ternary organic solar cells due to their role in improvising the light absorption and the morphology of the active layer. Here, the non‐fullerene (NF) molecule, NAI‐FN‐NAI (BO), is used as the third component in the bulk heterojunction of PTB7‐Th: PC71BM to fabricate the ternary organic solar cell. The magical number of the composition, i.e., 20% by weight of the NF in the ternary active layer resulted in the PCE of 8.1% devices, which is almost 35% higher efficiency than PTB7‐Th: PC71BM binary devices having the PCE of 6%. The enhanced efficiency is observed even though the lessened effect of complementary absorption and band alignment factors of the NF. Such an improved efficiency is attributed in ternary devices to the nano‐scale morphology enhancement. It could pave the way to realize the best possible bulk heterojunction blend to attain high PCE close to inorganic counterparts.

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The Performance of Orbital Angular Momentum Mode (|l| = 1~3) Amplification Based on Ring-Core Erbium-Doped Fibers

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Highly Efficient Layer‐by‐Layer Processed Quaternary Organic Solar Cells with Improved Charge Transport and Reduced Energy Loss

Highly Efficient Layer‐by‐Layer Processed Quaternary Organic Solar Cells with Improved Charge Transport and Reduced Energy Loss

Achieving and Understanding of Highly Efficient Ternary Organic Photovoltaics: From Morphology and Energy Loss to Working Mechanism

Non‐Fullerene Acceptor‐Based Nanomorphology Enhancement for Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells

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