The performance of the donor and acceptor doping in the Cu-rich Cu2ZnSnSe4 bulks with different Zn/Sn ratios

Carrier Transport Properties

“…These measurements were performed on Cu-deficient CZTS [43], Cu-deficient CZTSe [59], Cu-deficient and Zn-rich CZTSe [60], Cu-rich CZTSe [61], Cu-deficient/Cu-rich CZTSe [62], Cu-deficient and Sn-rich CZTSe [63], and Cudeficient CZTSSe [64]. These measurements were performed on Cu-deficient CZTS [43], Cu-deficient CZTSe [59], Cu-deficient and Zn-rich CZTSe [60], Cu-rich CZTSe [61], Cu-deficient/Cu-rich CZTSe [62], Cu-deficient and Sn-rich CZTSe [63], and Cudeficient CZTSSe [64].…”

“…These measurements were performed on Cu-deficient CZTS [43], Cu-deficient CZTSe [59], Cu-deficient and Zn-rich CZTSe [60], Cu-rich CZTSe [61], Cu-deficient/Cu-rich CZTSe [62], Cu-deficient and Sn-rich CZTSe [63], and Cudeficient CZTSSe [64]. Note that such CZTSe-based crystals investigated by Kuo et al [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] were synthesized by reactive liquid-phase sintering at 600 C for 2 h with the help of sintering aids of Sb 2 S 3 and Te. These crystals were Cu 1.75 Zn(Al x Sn 1−x )Se 4 with x = 0-0.6 [65], Cu 1.75 Zn(Ga x Sn 1−x )Se 4 with x = 0-0.6 [66], Cu 1.75 Zn(In x Sn 1−x )Se 4 with x = 0-0.6 [67], and (Cu 2−x Mg x )ZnSnSe 4 with x = 0-0.4 [68].…”

“…These data were obtained from a Cu-deficient Cu 1.6 ZnSnSe 4 sample with 14 10 15 10 16 10 17 10 18 10 19 10 20 10 21 10 Figure 7.14 shows the effects of nonstoichiometry on the carrier mobility of CZTSe films measured by Tsega and Kuo [59][60][61]63]. The carrier mobility data were measured for (a) Cu-deficient CZTSe [59], (b) Cu-deficient and Zn-rich CZTSe [60], (c) Cu-rich CZTSe [61], and (d) Cu-deficient and Sn-rich CZTSe [63]. It should be noted that these semiconductor materials exhibited n-type conductivity at specific nonstoichiometric compositions, for example, for x > 0.25 in (Cu 2−x Zn x )ZnSnSe 4 (Figure 7.14b).…”

“…For comparison, the μ h versus x plots for Al x Ga 1−x As ternary alloy are also shown. We can see that Figure 7.14 Effects of nonstoichiometry on the carrier mobility of CZTSe films at 300 K. The experimental mobility data are taken for (a) Cu-deficient Cu 1.6 (Zn 1−x Sn 1+x )Se 4 from Tsega and Kuo [59], for (b) Cu-deficient and Zn-rich (Cu 2−x Zn x )ZnSnSe 4 from Tsega and Kuo [60], for (c) Cu-rich Cu 2.2 (Zn 1+x Sn 1−x )Se 4.1−x from Tsega and Kuo [61], and for (d) Cu-deficient and Sn-rich Cu 2−x (Zn 0.9 Sn 1.1 )Se 4 from Kuo and Wubet [63]. We can see that Figure 7.14 Effects of nonstoichiometry on the carrier mobility of CZTSe films at 300 K. The experimental mobility data are taken for (a) Cu-deficient Cu 1.6 (Zn 1−x Sn 1+x )Se 4 from Tsega and Kuo [59], for (b) Cu-deficient and Zn-rich (Cu 2−x Zn x )ZnSnSe 4 from Tsega and Kuo [60], for (c) Cu-rich Cu 2.2 (Zn 1+x Sn 1−x )Se 4.1−x from Tsega and Kuo [61], and for (d) Cu-deficient and Sn-rich Cu 2−x (Zn 0.9 Sn 1.1 )Se 4 from Kuo and Wubet [63].…”

“…The open symbols show the experimental p-CZTSe data taken from Kuo and Tsega[62] (open circles) and Tsega and Kuo[59,61] and Kuo and Wubet[63] (open triangles). The open symbols show the experimental p-CZTSe data taken from Kuo and Tsega[62] (open circles) and Tsega and Kuo[59,61] and Kuo and Wubet[63] (open triangles).…”