The Performance of WAG in a Stratified Reservoir, Hassi-Messaoud Field, Algeria

Drid, Nabil; Tiab, Djebbar

doi:10.2118/88482-ms

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A água permitiria, para uma mesma quantidade de gás disponível, maximizar o volume de rocha contatada auxiliando no carreamento em direção aos poços produtores o óleo deslocado pelo gás. 22,23 A injeção simultânea em escala de campo foi iniciada em Seelington (1962) e operada pela Humble Oil. 24 Na maioria dos casos reportados na literatura, [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] a injeção WAG foi aplicada c Histerese -tendência de um material ou sistema de conservar suas propriedades na ausência do estímulo que as gerou.…”

Section: Histórico De Aplicação Wagunclassified

Enhanced Oil Recovery: Potentialities of the WAG injection (Water Alternating Gas)

Rosa

Bezerra

Ponzio

et al. 2016

Revista Virtual De Química

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The increase in the recovery factor in an oil reservoir is an essential goal in the oil industry and in this sense, complementary and alternative methodologies have been developed, for example, the alternating injection of water and gas (WAG), which has been used ever as a more advanced method of recovering oil. This method combines the best gas displacement and swept the water efficiencies. Recent discoveries of oil reserves in the Pre-Salt layer, with a significant amount of gas whose CO 2 content is in the range 8-12%, the use of CO 2 gas in WAG injection (WAG-CO 2) has emerged as an opportunity for Brazil. Besides the good prospect of increased oil recovery factor of these reservoirs, this process is in line with mitigation actions by greenhouse emissions CO 2. This article is a compilation of WAG application projects in the literature, as well as issue related to Brazilian initiatives that focuses on numerical simulations using reservoir models, since the carbonate rocks common to the pre-salt reservoirs are reactive the injected fluids.

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Section: Histórico De Aplicação Wagunclassified

Enhanced Oil Recovery: Potentialities of the WAG injection (Water Alternating Gas)

Rosa

Bezerra

Ponzio

et al. 2016

Revista Virtual De Química

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“…They used the Welge method instead of the conservation of mass method to solve the position of the water flooding front. Drid and Tiab [3] established a water-gas alternating (WAG) flooding model based on the BL equation, which broadened the scope of application of the BL equation. The analytical method has good adaptability to conventional sandstone reservoirs and has been widely used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Trilinear Flow Model for Capturing Dynamic Behavior of Water Flooding in Core Plug with Different Fracture Inclinations in Carbonate Reservoirs

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this study is to introduce a new three-linear flow model for capturing the dynamic behavior of water flooding with different fracture occurrences in carbonate reservoirs. Low-angle and high-angle fractures with different occurrences are usually developed in carbonate reservoirs. It is difficult to simulate the water injection development process and the law of water flooding is unclear, due to the large variation of the fracture dip. Based on the characteristics of water flooding displacement streamlines in fractured cores with different occurrences, the matrix is discretized into a number of one-dimensional linear subregions, and the channeling effect between each subregion is considered in this paper. The fractures are divided into the same number of fracture cells along with the matrix subregion, and the conduction effect between the fracture cells is considered. The fractured core injection-production system is divided into three areas of linear flow: The injected fluid flows horizontally and linearly from the matrix area at the inlet end of the core to the fracture and then linearly diverts from the fracture area. Finally, the matrix area at the outlet end of the core also presents a horizontal linear flow pattern. Thus, a trilinear flow model for water flooding oil in fractured cores with different occurrences is established. The modified BL equation is used to construct the matrix water-flooding analytical solution, and the fracture system establishes a finite-volume numerical solution, forming a high-efficiency semianalytical solution method for water-flooding BL-CVF. Compared with traditional numerical simulation methods, the accuracy is over 86%, the model is easy to construct, and the calculation efficiency is high. In addition, it can flexibly portray cracks at any dip angle, calculate various indicators of water flooding, and simulate the pressure field and saturation field, with great application effect. The research results show that the greater the fracture dip angle, the higher the oil displacement efficiency. When the fracture dip angle is above 45°, the fracture occurrence has almost no effect on the oil displacement efficiency. The water breakthrough time of through fractures is earlier than that of nonthrough fractures, and the oil displacement efficiency and injection pressure are more significantly affected by the fracture permeability. With the increase of fracture permeability, the oil displacement efficiency and the injection pressure of perforated fractured cores dropped drastically. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of the water drive law and optimizing its parameters in cores with different fracture occurrences. The three-linear flow model has strong adaptability and can accurately solve low-permeability reservoirs and high-angle fractures, but there are some errors for high-permeability reservoirs with long fractures.

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“…However, there has been a considerable hindrance to this EOR technique. These include controlling gas breakthrough as flood matures, injectivity loss, optimum slug size (typically 50% hydrocarbon pore volume injection), scale formation, corrosion issues, and the cost of implementing the WAG project (Drid & Tiab, 2004;Christensen et al, 2001;Reid et al, 2007). Furthermore, (Caudle & Dyes, 1958) presented a gas-water injection scheme aimed at improving miscible displacement by exploring ways to enhance sweep efficiency during the process as compared with the conventional techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique increased displacement efficiency and reduced the percentage of produced water. Similarly, the Performance of WAG in a Stratified Reservoir presented by Drid & Tiab, (2004) to improve the sweep efficiency was achieved through sensitivity analysis. Samba & (Elsharafi, 2018) and Afzali et al, (2018) stated that WAG injection can improve microscopic sweep efficiency through better mobility control and extending the attic oil contact by water injection in a typical high permeable reservoir with gravity segregation effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the use of Water Alternated Gas Injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Kinate

Nwosi-Anele

Nwankwo

2022

J. earth energy eng.

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Hydrocarbon production from underneath naturally fractured sandstone formations will reach a mature phase of production where natural pressure can no longer force fluids to the surface facilities, therefore, a cost-effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) approach is required to recover the remaining oil. Water alternated gas(WAG) injection is a promising EOR method that utilize the combine advantage of water and gas injection to achieve better mobility control, improved sweep efficiency and overall recovery from the given reservoir. In this study, a miscible WAG to a core flood model using numerical simulation techniques (Eclipse Reservoir Simulator – Black Oil Model Option) was investigated. A case study reservoir X was produced for 15 years using three wells after initial forecast showed that natural depletion could not sustain production from the earliest time of production. With different simulation scenarios that represent specific case of WAG ratio, optimal WAG ratio using oil recovery factor was selected and used to perform twelve (12) simulation runs to ascertain the influence of WAG cycle period on oil recovery factor. The most effective WAG cycle scenario was 90W-30G with oil recovery factor of 0.54684 (54.68 %) and cumulative production of 14.987MMSTB, while 30W-90G gives the lowest oil recovery factor and cumulative production of 0.47468 (47.47%) and 12.996MMSTB respectively. Hence, higher water cycling period is required for better oil recovery. Also, lower water to gas injection rates (WAG ratio) enhances the recovery of oil from the reservoir. Results reveals that despite predicted higher recovery factor, lower WAG ratio showed a potential of relatively poor pressure maintenance which can impact future recovery from the reservoir

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The Performance of WAG in a Stratified Reservoir, Hassi-Messaoud Field, Algeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Enhanced Oil Recovery: Potentialities of the WAG injection (Water Alternating Gas)

Enhanced Oil Recovery: Potentialities of the WAG injection (Water Alternating Gas)

A Novel Trilinear Flow Model for Capturing Dynamic Behavior of Water Flooding in Core Plug with Different Fracture Inclinations in Carbonate Reservoirs

Evaluation of the use of Water Alternated Gas Injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery

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