The perfused cat eye: A model in neurobiologic research

Niemeyer, Günter

doi:10.1007/bf00409827

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…11,15 Collectively, these components are less harmful to the barrier function of retinal pigment epithelium cells in tissue preparations treated with various solutions. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Our data demonstrate that at all measurement intervals, the ERG values for rabbits treated with BSS-plus exhibited faster returns to near-baseline values than did those for rabbits treated with BSS alone. This finding further supports those of Negi et al 3 and Moorhead et al, 6 who demonstrated that, although the differences were not statistically significant, the b wave was more likely to be maintained with BSSplus.…”

Section: Bss-plus Is a Variation Of Glutathione-bicarbonate-mentioning

confidence: 68%

Effect of Oxygenated Intraocular Irrigation Solutions on the Electroretinogram After Vitrectomy

Javaheri

Fujii²,

Rossi³

et al. 2007

Retina

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Section: Bss-plus Is a Variation Of Glutathione-bicarbonate-mentioning

confidence: 68%

Effect of Oxygenated Intraocular Irrigation Solutions on the Electroretinogram After Vitrectomy

Javaheri

Fujii²,

Rossi³

et al. 2007

Retina

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“…Using these techniques, nicotinic effects were reported in the carp (131)(132)(133), the rabbit (117,(134)(135)(136)148) and the cat (137)(138)(139)(140) retina, and muscarinic effects in the cat (137)(138)(139)(140) and the carp (132) retina. In all species studied, ganglion cells receive excitatory nicotinic inputs.…”

Section: Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors: Binding To Anticholinergicmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In all species studied, ganglion cells receive excitatory nicotinic inputs. In the cat and the carp retina, the muscarinic inhibitory inputs to the ganglion cells were demonstrated (132,(137)(138)(139)(140).…”

Section: Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors: Binding To Anticholinergicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include the modification of spontaneous and the light evoked activity by ACh in (a) the electroretinogram (127-130), (b) individual ganglion cells (117,(131)(132)(133)(134)(135)(136)(137)(138)(139)(140), (c) ACh release (141)(142)(143)(144), and (d) the levels of the second messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (145,146).…”

Section: Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors: Binding To Anticholinergicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholinergic Systems and Multiple Cholinergic Receptors in Ocular Tissues

1985

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferases and cholinesterases occur in cornea, iris-ciliary body complex and retina of several vertebrates. In cornea, ACh may serve as a sensory transmitter as well as a local hormone, the function of which is not delineated. The function of ACh as the parasympathetic neurotransmitter at the iris and ciliary body is well established. The muscarinic receptors on the iris smooth muscle are similar to the muscarinic receptors (M2 type in two way classification) at other smooth muscles towards their interaction with agonists and antagonists. Binding studies using radiolabeled antagonists and their displacement by agonists indicate that muscarinic receptors in membranes of iris-ciliary body complex are heterogeneous indicating more than one subtype of muscrinic receptors. A subtype other than M2 receptors may occur at the presynaptic sites of parasympathetic nerves, which have yet to be investigated using specific agonists and antagonists. Cholinergic markers, choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase, differ quantitatively and qualitatively in retinas of different species. However, amacrine cells are cholinergic in all vertebrate species. Although they make up 1% of retinal neurons, they influence the activity of a majority of ganglion cells. Cholinergic effects in ganglia are mediated through nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Both of these types of cholinergic receptors are heterogeneous. They have yet to be investigated for their subtypes using specific agonists and antagonists. Although the role of cholinergic retinal neurons in the processing of visual information is not known, their input to ganglion cells generally increases the rate of spontaneous activity or the number of action potentials in light-evoked responses. Thus, the cholinergic input seems to modify the overall neuronal input to the ganglion cells from the receptive fields. Endothelial cells of blood vessels contain muscarinic receptors, which are activated by ACh to cause relaxation. Although retinal blood vessels provide recognizable characteristic signs in diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disease, no information is available on the muscarinic receptors of these vessels.

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Information von der Netzhaut durch Elektroretinografie

Niemeyer

1979

Albrecht von Graefes Arch. Klin. Ophthalmol.

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Clinical evaluation of the function of the human retina by subjective, psychophysical tests can be complemented by objective, electrophysiological methods such as electroretinography. The electroretinogram (ERG) is a transient action potential generated by the vertebrate retina in response to light. Using standardized stimulation, after assessing the normal range of the ERG the investigator can establish early diagnosis, improve prognostic statements and document the course of retinal diseases. A method to selectively stimulate the rod- and cone-system, developed by Gouras and co-workers, has proved to allow further differentiation of heredodegenerative diseases of the retina. The ERG monitors objectively the function of the retina in infants uncapable of cooperating in psychophysical tests and in patients suffering from opacities of the optic media. ERG results should be evaluated synoptically with psychophysical data, ophthalmoscopy, fluoresceinangiography and possibly with EOG and VER recordings. Under experimental conditions the ERG serves to monitor the sensitivity of the retina in vivo as well as in vitro in physiological, pharmacological and toxicological studies.

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The perfused cat eye: A model in neurobiologic research

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Oxygenated Intraocular Irrigation Solutions on the Electroretinogram After Vitrectomy

Effect of Oxygenated Intraocular Irrigation Solutions on the Electroretinogram After Vitrectomy

Cholinergic Systems and Multiple Cholinergic Receptors in Ocular Tissues

Information von der Netzhaut durch Elektroretinografie

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