The peribacteroid membrane

Whitehead, Lynne; Day, David A.

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.1000103.x

Cited by 27 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…As discussed previously , such proteins can be expected in the symbiosomes and at the PBM because other studies have shown the involvement of endomembranes in the formation of symbiosomes (for review, see Whitehead and Day, 1997). Interestingly, many ER and Golgi proteins were also detected in the proteome study of phagosomes, the key organelles of macrophages (Garin et al, 2001).…”

Section: Endomembrane and Pm Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The PBM plays a central role in the exchange of compounds between the organisms (see Udvardi and Day, 1997). To fulfill this role, the PBM is supplied with the specific components, like transporters and enzymes, necessary for the symbiotic exchange processes (see Verma and Hong, 1996;Whitehead and Day, 1997). Several of these activities have been characterized by biochemical and biophysical studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacteria enter the plant cell by endocytosis, leading to the formation of a new compartment in the plant cell, the symbiosome. This compartment harbors the bacteroids and is surrounded by a peribacteroid membrane (PBM) formed from the plant plasma membrane (PM) during endocytosis of the bacteria (for review, see Verma and Hong, 1996;Whitehead and Day, 1997). The PBM develops further by receiving material from the endomembrane system (see Robertson et al, 1978;Verma and Hong, 1996) and finally forms the structural and functional interface between the symbionts (Robertson et al, 1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Proteome Analysis. Novel Proteins Identified at the Peribacteroid Membrane from Lotus japonicus Root Nodules

2003

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The peribacteroid membrane (PBM) forms the structural and functional interface between the legume plant and the rhizobia. The model legume Lotus japonicus was chosen to study the proteins present at the PBM by proteome analysis. PBM was purified from root nodules by an aqueous polymer two-phase system. Extracted proteins were subjected to a global trypsin digest. The peptides were separated by nanoscale liquid chromatography and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Searching the nonredundant protein database and the green plant expressed sequence tag database using the tandem mass spectrometry data identified approximately 94 proteins, a number far exceeding the number of proteins reported for the PBM hitherto. In particular, a number of membrane proteins like transporters for sugars and sulfate; endomembraneassociated proteins such as GTP-binding proteins and vesicle receptors; and proteins involved in signaling, for example, receptor kinases, calmodulin, 14-3-3 proteins, and pathogen response-related proteins, including a so-called HIR protein, were detected. Several ATPases and aquaporins were present, indicating a more complex situation than previously thought. In addition, the unexpected presence of a number of proteins known to be located in other compartments was observed. Two characteristic protein complexes obtained from native gel electrophoresis of total PBM proteins were also analyzed. Together, the results identified specific proteins at the PBM involved in important physiological processes and localized proteins known from nodule-specific expressed sequence tag databases to the PBM.The model legume Lotus japonicus forms nitrogenfixing root nodules after infection by Mesorhizobium loti. The bacteria enter the plant cell by endocytosis, leading to the formation of a new compartment in the plant cell, the symbiosome. This compartment harbors the bacteroids and is surrounded by a peribacteroid membrane (PBM) formed from the plant plasma membrane (PM) during endocytosis of the bacteria (for review, see Verma and Hong, 1996;Whitehead and Day, 1997). The PBM develops further by receiving material from the endomembrane system (see Robertson et al., 1978;Verma and Hong, 1996) and finally forms the structural and functional interface between the symbionts (Robertson et al., 1978). The PBM plays a central role in the exchange of compounds between the organisms (see Udvardi and Day, 1997). To fulfill this role, the PBM is supplied with the specific components, like transporters and enzymes, necessary for the symbiotic exchange processes (see Verma and Hong, 1996;Whitehead and Day, 1997). Several of these activities have been characterized by biochemical and biophysical studies. For example, the activity of P-type H ϩ -ATPase (PATPase) pumping protons from the cytoplasm to the peribacteroid space has been characterized (see Blumwald et al., 1985, and refs. therein). Dicarboxylates are supplied from the plant to the bacteroids, and a specific transporter present in the PBM has been characterized (see Udvardi an...

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Section: Endomembrane and Pm Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteome Analysis. Novel Proteins Identified at the Peribacteroid Membrane from Lotus japonicus Root Nodules

2003

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“…Therefore, we conclude that functional symbiosomes do not seem to have a true vacuolar nature but remain as an apoplastic-like compartment. The switch to the MtVAMP721d/e controlled exocytotic pathway allows the targeting of vesicles with a different cargo, and this facilitates the formation of a symbiotic interface with specific protein composition (34).…”

Section: Mtvamp721d and Mtvamp721e Localize At The Site Of Bacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizobium –legume symbiosis shares an exocytotic pathway required for arbuscule formation

Ivanov

Fedorova

Limpens

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

201

205

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Endosymbiotic interactions are characterized by the formation of specialized membrane compartments, by the host in which the microbes are hosted, in an intracellular manner. Two well-studied examples, which are of major agricultural and ecological importance, are the widespread arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. In both symbioses, the specialized host membrane that surrounds the microbes forms a symbiotic interface, which facilitates the exchange of, for example, nutrients in a controlled manner and, therefore, forms the heart of endosymbiosis. Despite their key importance, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the formation of these membrane interfaces are largely unknown. Recent studies strongly suggest that the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis coopted a signaling pathway, including receptor, from the more ancient arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis to form a symbiotic interface. Here, we show that two highly homologous exocytotic vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMPs) are required for formation of the symbiotic membrane interface in both interactions. Silencing of these Medicago VAMP72 genes has a minor effect on nonsymbiotic plant development and nodule formation. However, it blocks symbiosome as well as arbuscule formation, whereas root colonization by the microbes is not affected. Identification of these VAMP72s as common symbiotic regulators in exocytotic vesicle trafficking suggests that the ancient exocytotic pathway forming the periarbuscular membrane compartment has also been coopted in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis.infection thread | unwalled infection droplet

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“…The symbiosome membrane (SM) 1 originates from invaginated plasma membrane as the bacteria enter infected cells, but quickly becomes specialized as the symbiosis matures (3). Within symbiosomes of nodules, the rhizobia continue to multiply before differentiating into bacteroids in which symbiosis-related genes are induced (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of the Soybean Symbiosome Identifies New Symbiotic Proteins*

Clarke

Loughlin

Gavrin

et al. 2015

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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Legumes form a symbiosis with rhizobia in which the plant provides an energy source to the rhizobia bacteria that it uses to fix atmospheric nitrogen. This nitrogen is provided to the legume plant, allowing it to grow without the addition of nitrogen fertilizer. As part of the symbiosis, the bacteria in the infected cells of a new root organ, the nodule, are surrounded by a plant-derived membrane, the symbiosome membrane, which becomes the interface between the symbionts. Fractions containing the symbiosome membrane (SM) and material from the lumen of the symbiosome (peribacteroid space or PBS) were isolated from soybean root nodules and analyzed using nongel proteomic techniques. Bicarbonate stripping and chloroform-methanol extraction of isolated SM were used to reduce complexity of the samples and enrich for hydrophobic integral membrane proteins. One hundred and ninety-seven proteins were identified as components of the SM, with an additional fifteen proteins identified from peripheral membrane and PBS protein fractions. Proteins involved in a range of cellular processes such as metabolism, protein folding and degradation, membrane trafficking, and solute transport were identified. These included a number of proteins previously localized to the SM, such as aquaglyceroporin nodulin 26, sulfate transporters, remorin, and Rab7 homologs. Among the proteome were a number of putative transporters for compounds such as sulfate, calcium, hydrogen ions, peptide/ dicarboxylate, and nitrate, as well as transporters for which the substrate is not easy to predict. Analysis of the promoter activity for six genes encoding putative SM proteins showed nodule specific expression, with five showing expression only in infected cells. Localization of two proteins was confirmed using GFP-fusion experiments. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001132. This proteome will provide a rich resource for the study of the legumerhizobium symbiosis. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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The peribacteroid membrane

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Proteome Analysis. Novel Proteins Identified at the Peribacteroid Membrane from Lotus japonicus Root Nodules

Proteome Analysis. Novel Proteins Identified at the Peribacteroid Membrane from Lotus japonicus Root Nodules

Rhizobium –legume symbiosis shares an exocytotic pathway required for arbuscule formation

Proteomic Analysis of the Soybean Symbiosome Identifies New Symbiotic Proteins*

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