The perihypoglossal projection to the superior colliculus in the rhesus monkey

Hartwich-Young, Rosi; Nelson, Jon S.; Sparks, David L.

doi:10.1017/s0952523800002741

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Small-sized cell groups, named the nucleus Roller and the nucleus interfascicularis, have been found in the ventral vicinity of the XII nucleus (Cajal, 1909). With regard to projection from the pXII neurons to other structures in the central nervous system, there is a substantial number of studies in cats (Kotchabhakdi et al, 1978;Walberg et al, 1985;Higo et al, 1992), monkeys (Hartwich-Young et al, 1990), and rabbits (Zimny and Grottel, 1995). Since the retrogradely labeled cells were mainly found in the cerebellum (Kotchabhakdi et al, 1978;Zimny and Grottel, 1995) and the superior colliculus (Hartwich-Young et al, 1990;Higo et al, 1992), the projections from the pXII neurons were discussed in relation to coordination in eye and head movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swallowing-related Perihypoglossal Neurons Projecting to Hypoglossal Motoneurons in the Cat

Ono

Ishiwata²,

Kuroda³

et al. 1998

J Dent Res

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Although previous studies have examined the functional role of the neurons in the area ventrolateral to the hypoglossal nucleus (perihypoglossal neurons) in the trigemino-hypoglossal reflex, no convincing evidence for the direct connection from the perihypoglossal neurons to the hypoglossal motoneurons has yet been provided. In addition, the role of the perihypoglossal neurons in swallowing has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the input-output relationship of the perihypoglossal neurons and (2) whether the afferent feedback was essential for their swallowing-related activity in chloralose-anesthetized cats. Before and after the cats were paralyzed, single-unit activities were recorded extracellularly from 30 perihypoglossal neurons during swallowing elicited by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve. These perihypoglossal neurons responded with spike potentials after short latencies to stimulation of the inferior alveolar and hypoglossal nerves. The neurons also responded with spike potentials to single shocks applied to the superior laryngeal nerve, but were activated transiently at the initial phase of repetitive stimulation of the nerve and kept silent until the occurrence of swallowing before and after the animal was paralyzed. They showed burst activities in coincidence with swallowing. Averaging of intracellular potentials of a hypoglossal motoneuron by simultaneously recorded extracellular spikes of a perihypoglossal neuron revealed monosynaptic inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. We conclude that, in the region ventrolateral to the hypoglossal nucleus, there are neurons which relay trigeminal, hypoglossal, and vagal afferents. Furthermore, some of these perihypoglossal neurons are inhibitory hypoglossal premotor neurons that are involved in the central programming of swallowing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swallowing-related Perihypoglossal Neurons Projecting to Hypoglossal Motoneurons in the Cat

Ono

Ishiwata²,

Kuroda³

et al. 1998

J Dent Res

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“…Moreover, the intensity of the bursts of eye-neck reticulospinal neurons accompanying ipsiversive saccades and activation of the ipsilateral neck muscles of head-fixed cats has been shown to increase when initial eye position is shifting in the same direction (Grantyn and Berthoz 1987). Also, anatomical connections of the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus, the site of the horizontal NI, with the pontobulbar reticular formation have been documented (Hartwich-Young et al 1990;McCrea and Baker 1985). These data are suggestive of the neural substrate that could underlie increases in head contributions to gaze shifts starting with the eyes deviated in the direction of the movement.…”

Section: Neurophysiologymentioning

confidence: 93%

Neural network simulations of the primate oculomotor system. V. Eye–head gaze shifts

2010

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We examined the performance of a dynamic neural network that replicates much of the psychophysics and neurophysiology of eye-head gaze shifts without relying on gaze feedback control. For example, our model generates gaze shifts with ocular components that do not exceed 35 degrees in amplitude, whatever the size of the gaze shifts (up to 75 degrees in our simulations), without relying on a saturating nonlinearity to accomplish this. It reproduces the natural patterns of eye-head coordination in that head contributions increase and ocular contributions decrease together with the size of gaze shifts and this without compromising the accuracy of gaze realignment. It also accounts for the dependence of the relative contributions of the eyes and the head on the initial positions of the eyes, as well as for the position sensitivity of saccades evoked by electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus. Finally, it shows why units of the saccadic system could appear to carry gaze-related signals even if they do not operate within a gaze control loop and do not receive head-related information.

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“…Anatomical and physiological evidence supports the projection of such feedback information to the SC (Hartwich-Young et al 1990;McFarland and Fuchs 1992), but conflicting views remain about the functional role of efferent eye motion feedback to the SC (Goossens and Van Opstal 2000;Soetedjo et al 2002). Quaia et al (1999) have summarized the reasons why a colliculus-only model with a single feedback loop through the SC cannot produce a whole host of observed behaviors of the saccadic system.…”

Section: Feedback To the Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of the saccade-generating system that accounts for trajectory variations produced by competing visual stimuli

Arai

Keller

2004

Biol Cybern

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Variable saccade trajectories are produced in visual search paradigms in which multiple potential target stimuli are present. These variable trajectories provide a rich source of information that may lead to a deeper understanding of the basic control mechanisms of the saccadic system. We have used published behavioral observations and neural recordings in the superior colliculus (SC), gathered in monkeys performing visual search paradigms, to guide the construction of a new distributed model of the saccadic system. The new model can account for many of the variations in saccade trajectory produced by the appearance of multiple visual stimuli in a search paradigm. The model uses distributed feedback about current eye motion from the brainstem to the SC to reduce activity there at physiologically realistic rates during saccades. The long-range lateral inhibitory connections between SC cells used in previous models have been eliminated to match recent physiological evidence. The model features interactions between visually activated multiple populations of cells in the SC and distributed and topologically organized inhibitory input to the SC from the SNr to produce some of the types of variable saccadic trajectories, including slightly curved and averaging saccades, observed in visual search tasks. The distributed perisaccadic disinhibition of SC from the substantia nigra (SNr) is assumed to have broad spatial tuning. In order to produce the strongly curved saccades occasionally recorded in visual search, the existence of a parallel input to the saccadic burst generators in addition to that provided by the distributed input from the SC is required. The spatiotemporal form of this additional parallel input is computed based on the assumption that the input from the model SC is realistic. In accordance with other recent models, it is assumed that the parallel input comes from the cerebellum, but our model predicts that the parallel input is delayed during highly curved saccadic trajectories.

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The perihypoglossal projection to the superior colliculus in the rhesus monkey

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Swallowing-related Perihypoglossal Neurons Projecting to Hypoglossal Motoneurons in the Cat

Swallowing-related Perihypoglossal Neurons Projecting to Hypoglossal Motoneurons in the Cat

Neural network simulations of the primate oculomotor system. V. Eye–head gaze shifts

A model of the saccade-generating system that accounts for trajectory variations produced by competing visual stimuli

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