The Peril of Gene-Targeted Conservation

Kardos, Marty; Shafer, Aaron B. A.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2018.08.011

Cited by 115 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Such results reinforce the need for a restoration strategy that focuses on adaptive potential as much as pre‐adapted germplasm. Our advice matches that proposed in numerous recent syntheses of revegetation strategy (Broadhurst et al, ; Kardos & Shafer, ; Prober et al, ; Weeks et al, ), in particular “climate‐adjusted provenancing” (Prober et al, ). As an additional consideration, climate change is not the only anthropogenic risk to these species: the habitat these species inhabit has been cleared extensively since European colonization of Australia, with only a few per cent of the habitat remaining (NSW Scientific Committee, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Landscape drivers of genomic diversity and divergence in woodland Eucalyptus

et al. 2019

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Spatial genetic patterns are influenced by numerous factors, and they can vary even among coexisting, closely related species due to differences in dispersal and selection. Eucalyptus (L'Héritier 1789; the “eucalypts”) are foundation tree species that provide essential habitat and modulate ecosystem services throughout Australia. Here we present a study of landscape genomic variation in two woodland eucalypt species, using whole‐genome sequencing of 388 individuals of Eucalyptus albens and Eucalyptus sideroxylon. We found exceptionally high genetic diversity (π ≈ 0.05) and low genome‐wide, interspecific differentiation (FST = 0.15) and intraspecific differentiation between localities (FST ≈ 0.01–0.02). We found no support for strong, discrete population structure, but found substantial support for isolation by geographic distance (IBD) in both species. Using generalized dissimilarity modelling, we identified additional isolation by environment (IBE). Eucalyptus albens showed moderate IBD, and environmental variables have a small but significant amount of additional predictive power (i.e. IBE). Eucalyptus sideroxylon showed much stronger IBD and moderate IBE. These results highlight the vast adaptive potential of these species and set the stage for testing evolutionary hypotheses of interspecific adaptive differentiation across environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Landscape drivers of genomic diversity and divergence in woodland Eucalyptus

et al. 2019

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“…Strong dispersers could help the population continue to expand its range, while genetic variation from multiple source populations could help with adaptation to novel conditions in the translocation area and reduce recovery times from the genetic consequences of further range expansion (Gilbert et al 2018). Genomics is also being used to determine which species might be best suited for translocation (Fitzpatrick andKeller 2015, Kardos andShafer 2018), although some authors caution against gene-targeted conservation (Kardos and Shafer 2018), and genomics is not always accessible to conservation agencies (Shafer et al 2015). Genomics is also being used to determine which species might be best suited for translocation (Fitzpatrick andKeller 2015, Kardos andShafer 2018), although some authors caution against gene-targeted conservation (Kardos and Shafer 2018), and genomics is not always accessible to conservation agencies (Shafer et al 2015).…”

Section: Conservation Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current range-front populations might be a good source for individuals with high dispersal (Travis et al 2013). Genomics is also being used to determine which species might be best suited for translocation (Fitzpatrick andKeller 2015, Kardos andShafer 2018), although some authors caution against gene-targeted conservation (Kardos and Shafer 2018), and genomics is not always accessible to conservation agencies (Shafer et al 2015). On steep environmental gradients, assisted migration beyond the range of maladaptive gene flow from the historical range margin might aid adaptation to novel conditions.…”

Section: Conservation Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco‐evolution on the edge during climate change

2019

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We urgently need to predict species responses to climate change to minimize future biodiversity loss and ensure we do not waste limited resources on ineffective conservation strategies. Currently, most predictions of species responses to climate change ignore the potential for evolution. However, evolution can alter species ecological responses, and different aspects of evolution and ecology can interact to produce complex ecoevolutionary dynamics under climate change. Here we review how evolution could alter ecological responses to climate change on species warm and cool range margins, where evolution could be especially important. We discuss different aspects of evolution in isolation, and then synthesize results to consider how multiple evolutionary processes might interact and affect conservation strategies. On species cool range margins, the evolution of dispersal could increase range expansion rates and allow species to adapt to novel conditions in their new range. However, low genetic variation and genetic drift in small range-front populations could also slow or halt range expansions. Together, these eco-evolutionary effects could cause a three-step, stop-and-go expansion pattern for many species. On warm range margins, isolation among populations could maintain high genetic variation that facilitates evolution to novel climates and allows species to persist longer than expected without evolution. This 'evolutionary extinction debt' could then prevent other species from shifting their ranges. However, as climate change increases isolation among populations, increasing dispersal mortality could select for decreased dispersal and cause rapid range contractions. Some of these eco-evolutionary dynamics could explain why many species are not responding to climate change as predicted. We conclude by suggesting that resurveying historical studies that measured trait frequencies, the strength of selection, or heritabilities could be an efficient way to increase our eco-evolutionary knowledge in climate change biology. ) and M. C. Urban (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3962-4091),

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Section: Conservation Implications Of Genome‐to‐phenome‐to‐fitness Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Is it simply an academic exercise to explore the genetic underpinnings of adaptive traits, or can this information have practical relevance for conservation? While debate surrounds the precise role of genomics in conservation Kardos & Shafer, 2018;McMahon, Teeling, & Hoglund, 2014;Shafer et al, 2015), understanding adaptive variation and predicting evolutionary responses to environmental change is a fundamental goal shared between evolutionary and conservation biology (Flanagan, Forester, Latch, Aitken, & Hoban, 2018). Nancy Chen (University of Rochester) presented a keynote address on her work understanding the factors shaping temporal allele frequency changes in the federally threatened Florida Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), which have experienced significant population declines over the last century due to habitat destruction and fragmentation (Chen, Cosgrove, Bowman, Fitzpatrick, & Clark, 2016).…”

Section: Con S Ervati On Impli C Ati On S Of G Enome-to -Phenome-tomentioning

confidence: 99%

UNVEILing connections between genotype, phenotype, and fitness in natural populations

et al. 2019

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Understanding the links between genetic variation and fitness in natural populations is a central goal of evolutionary genetics. This monumental task spans the fields of classical and molecular genetics, population genetics, biochemistry, physiology, developmental biology, and ecology. Advances to our molecular and developmental toolkits are facilitating integrative approaches across these traditionally separate fields, providing a more complete picture of the genotype‐phenotype map in natural and non‐model systems. Here, we summarize research presented at the first annual symposium of the UNVEIL Network, an NSF‐funded collaboration between the University of Montana and the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, which took place from the 1st to the 3rd of June, 2018. We discuss how this body of work advances basic evolutionary science, what it implies for our ability to predict evolutionary change, and how it might inform novel conservation strategies.

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The Peril of Gene-Targeted Conservation

Cited by 115 publications

References 103 publications

Landscape drivers of genomic diversity and divergence in woodland Eucalyptus

Landscape drivers of genomic diversity and divergence in woodland Eucalyptus

Eco‐evolution on the edge during climate change

UNVEILing connections between genotype, phenotype, and fitness in natural populations

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