The Periodic Table

Scerri, Eric R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-51675-6.50024-4

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Regardless, the design of the periodic table continues to evolve, and hundreds of periodic tables have been proposed in the last 150 years [4,5]. The structures of these proposed tables have not been limited to the two-dimensional tabular form, but also spiral, loop, or three-dimensional pyramid forms [6,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recreation of the periodic table with an unsupervised machine learning algorithm

Kusaba

Liu

Koyama

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In 1869, the first draft of the periodic table was published by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev. In terms of data science, his achievement can be viewed as a successful example of feature embedding based on human cognition: chemical properties of all known elements at that time were compressed onto the two-dimensional grid system for a tabular display. In this study, we seek to answer the question of whether machine learning can reproduce or recreate the periodic table by using observed physicochemical properties of the elements. To achieve this goal, we developed a periodic table generator (PTG). The PTG is an unsupervised machine learning algorithm based on the generative topographic mapping, which can automate the translation of high-dimensional data into a tabular form with varying layouts on-demand. The PTG autonomously produced various arrangements of chemical symbols, which organized a two-dimensional array such as Mendeleev’s periodic table or three-dimensional spiral table according to the underlying periodicity in the given data. We further showed what the PTG learned from the element data and how the element features, such as melting point and electronegativity, are compressed to the lower-dimensional latent spaces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recreation of the periodic table with an unsupervised machine learning algorithm

Kusaba

Liu

Koyama

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Despite the relevance of similarity and order for the periodic system [22], 2 they are considered as separate aspects of it, with some emphasis on classification [24,25,26,27] 3 caused by the, taken for granted, ordering of the elements based upon atomic number. Whereas the possibilities for classifying are multiple given the huge number of properties chemical elements have, an exceptional example stressing ordering over similarity for the case of the table is the definition from Wikipedia: "The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties" [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal structure of periodic system of elements

Leal

Restrepo

2019

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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For more than 150 years the structure of the periodic system of the chemical elements has intensively motivated research in different areas of chemistry and physics. However, there is still no unified picture of what a periodic system is. Herein, based on the relations of order and similarity, we report a formal mathematical structure for the periodic system, which corresponds to an ordered hypergraph. It is shown that the current periodic system of chemical elements is an instance of the general structure. The definition is used to devise a tailored periodic system of polarizability of single covalent bonds, where order relationships are quantified within subsets of similar bonds and among these classes. The generalised periodic system allows envisioning periodic systems in other disciplines of science and humanities.

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“…its designation as a theme for National Chemistry week 12 and are the subject of several scholarly debates. 13 Additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing can be used to create physical models of periodic tables that represent trends in a topographic manner. 3D printing has been used in many chemistry-education settings that benefit from visual and tactile modes of information transfer.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other nontraditional methods of visualizing periodic trends include diffusion cartograms, which use the size of the element symbol block to express the relative magnitudes of the property of interest . Novel methods of periodic table representations were deemed sufficiently important to warrant its designation as a theme for National Chemistry week and are the subject of several scholarly debates …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating Tactile Learning into Periodic Trend Analysis Using Three-Dimensional Printing

LeSuer

2018

J. Chem. Educ.

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Consumer-grade manufacturing tools such as 3D printers are becoming increasingly prevalent in STEM education environments, especially as tools to develop inexpensive, tactile visualization models. Presented here is a workflow for creating 3D-printed periodic tables displaying a variety of trends from traditionally taught relationships such as atomic radius and ionization energies to less-frequently visualized distributions such as abundance in the human body and the number of stable isotopes. The process is facilitated by the use of Mathematica, which is used for both access to elemental data and generation of the file to be sent to the 3D printer. Since Mathematica is available for free for educational use on the Raspberry Pi, it is possible to use the procedures presented even under resource-limited conditions. An example group work activity is presented in order to demonstrate how the 3D-printed tables can be used in a classroom setting.

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The Periodic Table

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Recreation of the periodic table with an unsupervised machine learning algorithm

Recreation of the periodic table with an unsupervised machine learning algorithm

Formal structure of periodic system of elements

Incorporating Tactile Learning into Periodic Trend Analysis Using Three-Dimensional Printing

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