The Periodontal Status of Pregnant and Lactating Women in Ilam Province, Iran (2018 - 2019)

Abstract

Background: Gingivitis and periodontitis cause the inflammation of the soft tissue around the teeth and destroy the supporting structures of the teeth. This is highly prevalent during pregnancy and lactation. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the periodontal status in pregnant and lactating women in Ilam province, Iran in 2018 - 2019. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 pregnant and lactating women who were selected via cluster and stratified sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24 using independent t-test, chi-square, and one-way ANOVA at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean age of the pregnant and lactating women was 25.62 ± 5.52 and 29.08 ± 6.83 years, respectively. In total, 30% of the pregnant women had a healthy gingival, 18% had bleeding, 36% had a mass, and 16% had CPITN. As for the lactating women, 44% had a healthy gingival, 32% had bleeding, 20% had a mass, and 4% had an envelope. CPITN index II and III were significantly higher in the pregnant women compared to the lactating women. Among the pregnant women, there were 49 housewives and only one employee, while 50 of the lactating women were housewives. Conclusions: According to the results, the sample population had an unfavorable periodontal status, and the pregnant women needed more oral health education.

Assessment of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in Pregnant Women Referring to the Health Centers in Arak, Iran

“…The low prevalence rate in the Gesase study could have been influenced by the location of the study (in an urban area with good education). 14 According to the results of the present study, BOP and dental calculus observed in pregnant women were 17% and 36.4% respectively, that were consistent with the studies in Iran by Meybodi, 37 Dehghanipour 31 , Taheri 30 , Abdal 29 and also in other countries. 34,38 However, the rates of BOP in the study by Lasisi 23 in Nigeria and by Wandera 24 in Uganda were significantly lower (5.2% and 3.3%, respectively).…”

“…24 In Abdal's study, among pregnant women in Ilam, according to the CPTIN index, 70% received code>0 (Healthy gum=30%, bleeding on probing=18%, calculus=36%, and periodontal pocket (4-5mm)=16%). 29 The Gesase's study among 1117 pregnant women in Tanzania showed the 14.2% prevalence of gum disease using CPI (code>0). The low prevalence rate in the Gesase study could have been influenced by the location of the study (in an urban area with good education).…”

“…In Iran, oral and gingival health status was examined in a national survey in 2018 28 ; however, there is limited information on periodontal disease in pregnant women in Iran. [29][30][31] Therefore, the present study aimed at assessing the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in Pregnant Women Referring to the health centers in Arak, Iran.…”

The effect of training intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on oral and dental health behaviors in pregnant women

“…In a study on pregnant women in the city of Arak, Iran, it was indicated that 55.4% of pregnant women had periodontal disease, and brushing frequency was the main predictor of gum health [ 12 ]. In another study in the city of Ilam, Iran, it was reported that in total, 30% of pregnant women had healthy gums, and 18% of them had bleeding gums [ 13 ].…”

A mixed method study to assess orodental problems and barriers to utilisation of orodental care in pregnant ladies of Himachal Pradesh

“…Iran's study showed a maximum number of pregnant women with healthy gingiva in contrast to the current study. 10,25 The barriers to utilisation of orodental care among pregnant women were characterised by different themes, including lack of dental education, no dental insurance, dental anxiety, self-neglect, oral health beliefs, refusal from the dentist, no suitable dentist, previous bad experiences, dental costs, time constraints, and the stress of pregnancy. Different studies have highlighted barriers to the utilisation of orodental care, which is quite similar to the current study findings.…”