1966
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1966.tb04395.x
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The permeability of artificial windbreaks and the distribution of flying insects in the leeward sheltered zone

Abstract: SUMMARYThe number of flying insects in the sheltered zone to leeward of artificial windbreaks of 0, 25, 45 and 70% permeability was greater than in unsheltered areas. Insects accumulated in the air nearer to dense windbreaks than to more permeable ones, and the position of maximum aerial density of insects coincided with that of maximum shelter. The more dense the windbreak the greater the numbers in the air to leeward. Absolute wind speed slightly affected the position of maximum aerial density behind a 45% p… Show more

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Cited by 56 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…The shelter capability of artificial windbreaks is also influenced by their permeability. Higher permeability of artificial windbreaks leads to higher wind speed in the leeward side, lower sheltering effects for insect pests, and lower insect pest density near the artificial windbreaks (Lewis and Stephenson 1966). Furthermore, higher windbreak permeability also shifts the positions of the highest insect pest density further away from the windbreak.…”
Section: Wind Patternsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The shelter capability of artificial windbreaks is also influenced by their permeability. Higher permeability of artificial windbreaks leads to higher wind speed in the leeward side, lower sheltering effects for insect pests, and lower insect pest density near the artificial windbreaks (Lewis and Stephenson 1966). Furthermore, higher windbreak permeability also shifts the positions of the highest insect pest density further away from the windbreak.…”
Section: Wind Patternsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, higher windbreak permeability also shifts the positions of the highest insect pest density further away from the windbreak. Instead of maximal insect pest density at onewindbreak height for 0% permeable windbreak, the highest density was observed at distance equivalent to 2 to 3 windbreak height for thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae), fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), and gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Lewis and Stephenson 1966). Besides artificial windbreaks, natural hedgerows also exert similar effects on insect pest distribution (Lewis 1969).…”
Section: Wind Patternsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On windy nights, M. capaccinii and M. daubentonii are less active (Russo and Jones 2003), presumably because wind reduces prey density and generates ripples on the water surface affecting target detection. In such circumstances, bats forage at sheltered sites where water is calmer (Lewis and Stephenson 1966;Lewis 1969).…”
Section: Bodies Of Water As a Foraging Habitatmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The most important may be the effect field edges have on the deposition of small insects; this could enhance aphid immigration within the margins (Winder et al, 1999). Small flying insects such as aphids generally accumulate on the lea side of wind breaks (Lewis, 1966(Lewis, , 1969(Lewis, , 1970Lewis & Stephenson, 1966). Evans & Allen-Williams (1993) argued that the edge of any crop ecosystem is where herbivores, including aphids, first locate abundant food sources, using either visual or olfactory cues.…”
Section: Within-field Distribution Of Aphids and Natural Enemiesmentioning
confidence: 99%