The permeability of geopolymer at down-hole stress conditions: Application for carbon dioxide sequestration wells

Nasvi, M.C.M.; Ranjith, P.G.; Sanjayan, Jay

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.09.004

Cited by 82 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Geopolymers are prepared by an exothermic dehydration reaction, and the ratio of the reactants significantly influences their structure integrity [17][18][19], causing significant variations in the distribution of sizes of pores. Most pores in geopolymers have diameters within the range of 10-1000 nm [20][21][22][23][24][25] time-consuming [26][27]; so measurements regarding the hydraulic conductivity of geopolymers are rarely made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation characteristics and impact factors of geopolymers made of kaolin

Chen

Lyu

et al. 2015

Construction and Building Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation characteristics and impact factors of geopolymers made of kaolin

Chen

Lyu

et al. 2015

Construction and Building Materials

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“…The use of alkali-activated slag cements for underground cementing applications including borehole sealing has also been reported in several other contexts, in particular in salt and sulfur mines and for hydrotechnical sealing in Europe [ 41 -43 ]. AAMs have also been developed for down-well cementing in CO 2 storage and sequestration [ 44 ]. Drilling fl uid and mud can also be mixed with alkali-activated BFS to form a cementitious slurry for cementing operations [ 45 , 46 ], and there has also been work based around the use of alkali silicate-activated fl y ash/BFS blends for similar purposes [ 47 ].…”

Section: Well Cementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Other Potential Applications for Alkali-Activated Materials

Bernal

Schroeyers

Provis

et al. 2013

Alkali Activated Materials

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The focus of this chapter is the discussion of a variety of niche applications (other than as a large-scale civil infrastructure material) in which alkali-activated binders and concretes have shown potential for commercial-scale development. The majority of these applications have not yet seen large-scale AAM utilisation, except as noted in the various sections of the chapter. However, there have been at least pilot-scale or demonstration projects in each of the areas listed, and each provides scope for future development and potentially profi table advances in science and technology. In addition to the applications specifi cally discussed in this chapter, there are also commercial and academic developments in alkali-activation for specifi c applications including a commercial product which is being marketed as a domestic tiling grout showing some self-cleaning properties [ 1 ], as well as

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“…with a strong alkaline solution (combination of NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 ). Successful use of geopolymer as well cement has been reported in previous studies (Nasvi et al 2012(Nasvi et al , 2013. Therefore, this research focuses on geopolymer as well cement instead of OPC based well cement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major issues with existing OPC-based oil well cement is cement degradation in CO 2 -rich environments, leading to increased porosity and permeability, and reduced mechanical strength (Barlet-Gouédard 2007;Liteanu et al 2009). On the other hand, researchers have found that geopolymer cement possesses excellent acidresistant characteristics, shows higher mechanical strength and durability, demonstrates lower permeability, experiences little shrinkage, has lower production cost, and possesses higher pump ability compared to OPC (Van Jaarsveld et al 1997;Nasvi et al 2013;Singh et al 2008). Geopolymer is an alumina-silicate cementitious material, which can be synthesized by mixing source material (fly ash, metakaolin, slag, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolymer as well cement and its mechanical integrity under deep down-hole stress conditions: application for carbon capture and storage wells

Nasvi

Rathnaweera

Padmanabhan

2016

Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour.

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With regard to the safety, environmental impact and sustainability of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects, the integrity of injection and production wells plays a major role. In a CCS project, mechanical integrity of well cement should be maintained to sustain the required mechanical strength throughout the life of an oil/gas and CO 2 sequestration well. One of the major issues with existing Portland cement based oil well cement is cement degradation in CO 2 -rich environment. On the other hand, geopolymer cement possesses excellent acid resistant characteristics, shows higher mechanical strength and durability and demonstrates lower permeability. Therefore, this research work focused on studying the mechanical integrity of geopolymers under two different down-hole conditions: (1) effect of CO 2 on mechanical behaviour of geopolymers and (2) hydraulic fracturing of geopolymers to study the mechanical integrity under down-hole stress conditions. To study the mechanical integrity under CO 2 rich environment, geopolymers were tested in CO 2 chamber at a pressure of 3 MPa for up to 6 months and compressive strength and microstructural testings were conducted. It was noted that strength values of geopolymers did not change significantly in CO 2 environment for 6 months. There were only about 2 % variations in compressive strength values in CO 2 compared to the initial strength value. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test results revealed that there is no significance variation in the microstructure of geopolymer after 6 months in CO 2 . For hydraulic fracturing experiment, four different tests were conducted with various injection pressure (P in ), axial stress (r 1 ), confining pressure (r 3 ) and tube length (30 and 40 mm). Geopolymers could not be fractured in any of the four tests, in which maximum values of P in of 23 MPa and r 1 of 59 MPa were used. There was no fracture development in geopolymers despite maximum ratios of P in /r 3 of 3.8 and r 1 /r 3 of 13.3 was tested. Tests could not be repeated with higher ratios of P in /r 3 and r 1 /r 3 due to the limitation with the triaxial set-up used. Since there is no fracture development in geopolymers at higher ratios of P in / r 3 and r 1 /r 3 , it is concluded that required mechanical integrity can be observed when geopolymers are used as well cement.

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The permeability of geopolymer at down-hole stress conditions: Application for carbon dioxide sequestration wells

Cited by 82 publications

References 43 publications

Permeation characteristics and impact factors of geopolymers made of kaolin

Permeation characteristics and impact factors of geopolymers made of kaolin

Other Potential Applications for Alkali-Activated Materials

Geopolymer as well cement and its mechanical integrity under deep down-hole stress conditions: application for carbon capture and storage wells

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