The Permeability of Niobium to Hydrogen

Rudd, D.W.; Vose, D.W.; Johnson, Simon R.

doi:10.1021/j100808a038

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…According to the Gutzeit test, which is used to detect arsenic in the form of arsine AsH 3 , no arsine is evolved during heat treatment of BaH 2 and FeAs. Nb is known to be permeable to hydrogen, and Nb-based alloys have been suggested to use for hydrogen permeable membranes. − Starting components were annealed in a sealed Nb tube encapsulated in a evacuated silica tube. Since hydrogen is being evolved during the reaction, leading to the buildup of the pressure in the silica tube, larger amounts (>0.5 g) of the starting materials can be annealed under flow of argon gas or with a pressure relief valve (Figure S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Ba_1–xK_xFe₂As₂ Superconductors via Hydride Route

et al. 2014

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We have developed a fast, easy, and scalable synthesis method for Ba(1-x)K(x)Fe2As2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) superconductors using hydrides BaH2 and KH as a source of barium and potassium metals. Synthesis from hydrides provides better mixing and easier handling of the starting materials, consequently leading to faster reactions and/or lower synthesis temperatures. The reducing atmosphere provided by the evolved hydrogen facilitates preparation of oxygen-free powders. By a combination of methods we have shown that Ba(1-x)K(x)Fe2As2 obtained via hydride route has the same characteristics as when it is prepared by traditional solid-state synthesis. Refinement from synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data confirms a linear dependence of unit cell parameters upon K content as well as the tetragonal to orthorhombic transition at low temperatures for compositions with x < 0.2. Magnetic measurements revealed dome-like dependence of superconducting transition temperature Tc upon K content with a maximum of 38 K for x close to 0.4. Electron diffraction and high-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy indicates an absence of Ba/K ordering, while local inhomogeneity in the Ba/K distribution takes place at a scale of several angstroms along [110] crystallographic direction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Ba_1–xK_xFe₂As₂ Superconductors via Hydride Route

et al. 2014

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“…Given the impact of the tritium recovery efficiency upon the safety and sustainability of the fuel cycle, we have conducted a detailed assessment of possible alternatives. Several options have been evaluated based on previous studies and available literature, including permeable windows [21][22][23], gettering process [24,25], cold trap [26][27][28], distillation [29][30][31][32], molten salt extraction [33][34][35][36][37], and combination of gettering and molten salt extraction [38]. Based on a pre-conceptual functional requirements analysis, the molten salt extraction method was selected as primary candidate due to its capability to achieve lower inventories, moderate energy requirements, low estimated capital cost and faster dynamic response.…”

Section: Tritium Breeding and Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in IFE safety and tritium research and considerations for future nuclear fusion facilities

Reyes

Anklam

Meier

et al. 2016

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Over the past five years, the fusion energy group at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has made significant progress in the area of safety and tritium research for Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE). Focus has been driven towards the minimization of inventories, accident safety, development of safety guidelines and licensing considerations. Recent technology developments in tritium processing and target fill have had a major impact on reduction of tritium inventories in the facility. A safety advantage of inertial fusion energy using indirect-drive targets is that the structural materials surrounding the fusion reactions can be protected from target emissions by a low-pressure chamber fill gas, therefore eliminating plasma-material erosion as a source of activated dust production. An important inherent safety advantage of IFE when compared to other magnetic fusion energy (MFE) concepts that have been proposed to-date (including ITER), is that loss of plasma control events with the potential to damage the first wall, such as disruptions, are non-conceivable, therefore eliminating a number of potential accident initiators and radioactive in-vessel source term generation. In this paper, we present an overview of the safety assessments performed to-date, comparing results to the US DOE Fusion Safety Standards guidelines and the recent lessons-learnt from ITER safety and licensing activities, and summarize our most recent thoughts on safety and tritium considerations for future nuclear fusion facilities.

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“…Permeability used is extrapolated from the experimental data by Rudd, et al [14] which was measured in the temperature range of 95O°C-1O65°C using hydrogen.…”

Section: Permeation Window Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined gettering and molten salt process for tritium recovery from lithium

Sze¹,

Finn²,

Bartlit³

et al. 1989

Fusion Engineering and Design

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A new tritium recovery concept from lithium has been developed as part of the U.S./Japan collaboration on Reversed-Field Pinch Reactor Design Studies.This concept combines the y-gettering process as the front end to recover tritium from the coolant, and a molten salt recovery process to extract tritium for fuel processing. A secondary lithium is used to regenerate the tritium from the gettering bed and, in the process, increases the tritium concentration by a factor of about 20. That way, the required size of the molten salt process becomes very small. A potential problem is the possible poisoning of the gettering bed by the salt dissolved in lithium. DISCLAIMER

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The Permeability of Niobium to Hydrogen

Abstract: The permeability (P) of niobium to hydrogen was investigated over a range of temperature between 950 to 1065°and pressure levels of 1.1 and 2.0 atmospheres. The resulting permeability was found to obey the relationship P = 2.01 X HP e-^s+iwKi' cln 3 ^O0, cm.2 mm.-1 (atm.

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Facile Synthesis of Ba_1–xK_xFe₂As₂ Superconductors via Hydride Route

Facile Synthesis of Ba_1–xK_xFe₂As₂ Superconductors via Hydride Route

Recent developments in IFE safety and tritium research and considerations for future nuclear fusion facilities

Combined gettering and molten salt process for tritium recovery from lithium

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The Permeability of Niobium to Hydrogen

Abstract: The permeability (P) of niobium to hydrogen was investigated over a range of temperature between 950 to 1065°and pressure levels of 1.1 and 2.0 atmospheres. The resulting permeability was found to obey the relationship P = 2.01 X HP e-^s+iwKi' cln 3 ^O0, cm.2 mm.-1 (atm.

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Facile Synthesis of Ba1–xKxFe2As2 Superconductors via Hydride Route

Facile Synthesis of Ba1–xKxFe2As2 Superconductors via Hydride Route

Recent developments in IFE safety and tritium research and considerations for future nuclear fusion facilities

Combined gettering and molten salt process for tritium recovery from lithium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Facile Synthesis of Ba_1–xK_xFe₂As₂ Superconductors via Hydride Route

Facile Synthesis of Ba_1–xK_xFe₂As₂ Superconductors via Hydride Route