The Perseverance Ultramafic Complex, Western Australia: The Product of a Komatiite Lava River

Barnes, Stephen J.; Hill, R. E. T.; Gole, Martin J.

doi:10.1093/petrology/29.2.305

Cited by 115 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Small red circles indicate incremental additions and subtractions of olivine for Archean komatiites, Hawaii, Iceland, and EPR, and incremental additions of troctolite (olivine + plagioclase) for MAR. Red crosses indicate parental magma of Archean komatiite, based on olivine phenocrysts with Fo 94 -95 [Arndt, 1986a;Barnes et al, 1988;Nisbet et al, 1993;Lesher and Arndt, 1995]. Only FeO that is exchangeable with olivine is considered, that being FeO rather than FeO T (i.e., FeO + 0.9Fe 2 O 3 ).…”

Section: Parental and Primary Magmas From Different Tectonic Environmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperatures in ambient mantle and plumes: Constraints from basalts, picrites, and komatiites

Herzberg

Asimow

Arndt

et al. 2007

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

641

449

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International audienceSeveral methods have been developed to assess the thermal state of the mantle below oceanic ridges, islands, and plateaus, on the basis of the petrology and geochemistry of erupted lavas. One leads to the conclusion that mantle potential temperature (i.e., TP) of ambient mantle below oceanic ridges is 1430°C, the same as Hawaii. Another has ridges with a large range in ambient mantle potential temperature (i.e., TP = 1300–1570°C), comparable in some cases to hot spots (Klein and Langmuir, 1987; Langmuir et al., 1992). A third has uniformly low temperatures for ambient mantle below ridges, ∼1300°C, with localized 250°C anomalies associated with mantle plumes. All methods involve assumptions and uncertainties that we critically evaluate. A new evaluation is made of parental magma compositions that would crystallize olivines with the maximum forsterite contents observed in lava flows. These are generally in good agreement with primary magma compositions calculated using the mass balance method of Herzberg and O'Hara (2002), and differences reflect the well-known effects of fractional crystallization. Results of primary magma compositions we obtain for mid-ocean ridge basalts and various oceanic islands and plateaus generally favor the third type of model but with ambient mantle potential temperatures in the range 1280–1400°C and thermal anomalies that can be 200–300°C above this background. Our results are consistent with the plume model

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Section: Parental and Primary Magmas From Different Tectonic Environmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperatures in ambient mantle and plumes: Constraints from basalts, picrites, and komatiites

Herzberg

Asimow

Arndt

et al. 2007

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

641

449

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“…The Perseverance orebody lies along the western margins of the vertically dipping Perseverance Ultramafic Complex (Figure 2). Despite debate on the extrusive vs intrusive origin of the dunite lenses (Naldrett & Turner 1977;Barnes et al 1988;Trofimovs et al 2003), it is accepted that the ultramafic rocks, especially those in the komatiite-felsic volcanic association, form a temporally related horizon throughout the Mt Keith-Perseverance domain (Hill et al 1995;Duuring et al 2004b). The host felsic volcanics in the komatiite-felsic volcanic association are dated at *2706 Ma (R. I. Hill & I. H. Campbell unpubl.…”

Section: Geology Of the Agnew-wiluna Greenstone Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are hosted by ultramafic and felsic volcanic rocks in the Agnew-Wiluna Greenstone Belt that have been metamorphosed to lower-to middle-amphibolite facies (Martin & Allchurch 1975;Binns et al 1976;Gole et al 1987;Barnes et al 1988;Trofimovs et al 2003). The hostrocks are associated with other metamorphosed mafic rocks in the greenstone belt, and juxtaposed against voluminous granitoid and gneissic rocks outside the greenstone belt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass and magnetic properties for 3D geological and geophysical modelling of the southern Agnew–Wiluna Greenstone Belt and Leinster nickel deposits, Western Australia

Williams¹

2009

Australian Journal of Earth Sciences

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Physical property measurements provide a critical link between geological observations and geophysical measurements and modelling. To enhance the reliability of gravity and magnetic modelling in the Yilgarn Craton's Agnew-Wiluna Greenstone Belt, mass and magnetic properties were analysed on 157 new rock samples and combined with an existing corporate database of field measurements. The new samples include sulfide ore, serpentinised and olivine-bearing ultramafic hostrocks, granitoid, and felsic and mafic volcanic and volcaniclastic country rock. Synthesis of the data provides a useful resource for future geophysical modelling in the region. Several rock types in the region have sufficiently distinct physical properties that a discriminant diagram is proposed to facilitate a basic classification of rock types based on physical properties. However, the accumulation of emplacement, metamorphic, hydrothermal and structural processes has complicated the physical properties of the rocks by imposing duplicate and sometimes opposing physical property trends. The data confirm that massive sulfide and ultramafic rocks have the most distinctive mass and magnetic properties but with variability imposed by their complex history. Sulfide content imposes the strongest control on densities, but can only be identified when comprising 410 vol% of the rock. The pyrrhotiterich Ni-sulfide assemblages generally have similar magnetic properties to the host ultramafic rocks, but can have much lower susceptibilities where the thermal history of the rocks has favoured development of hexagonal pyrrhotite over monoclinic pyrrhotite. In ultramafic rocks that contain 510 vol% sulfides, density and susceptibility are primarily controlled by serpentinisation, with olivine breaking down to serpentine and magnetite in the presence of water. Serpentinisation dramatically lowered densities and increased susceptibilities, but had limited influence on the intensity of remanent magnetisation. All ultramafic rocks contain multidomain magnetite, and most contain low coercivity grains prone to overprinting by in situ viscous remanent magnetisation or drilling-induced isothermal remanent magnetisation during extraction. Despite the low coercivities, Koenigsberger ratios of 1-20 are observed indicating that viscous remanent magnetisation aligned parallel to the present Earth field must be considered in any magnetic modelling. It is also noted that coarser-grained intrusive varieties of all rock types (e.g. granite, gabbro) show remanent magnetisation intensities 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than their extrusive equivalents (felsic and basaltic volcanics).

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“…They are often considered to be windows to secular development of dynamic mantle (Mole et al 2014) and are fundamental to our understanding of the thermal, chemical, and tectonic evolution of the early Earth. Since the discovery of komatiites in South Africa (Viljoen and Viljoen 1969), numerous studies conducted on komatiites from southern Africa, Canada, Australia, India, Finland, and Brazil (Jahn et al 1980(Jahn et al , 1982Barnes et al 1988;Arndt 1994;Hill et al 1995;Lesher and Arndt 1995;Fan and Kerrich 1997;Grove et al 1997;Parman et al 1997;Polat et al 1999;Polat and Kerrich 2000;Chavagnac 2004;Barnes 2006b;Arndt et al 2008;Jayananda et al 2008;Dostal and Mueller 2012;Furnes et al 2013;Maier et al 2013), together with experimental works (Ohtani et al 1989;Herzberg and O'Hara 1998), have greatly contributed to our understanding of the origin of both komatiite magmas and Archaean mantle. However, the tectonic context of magma generation and eruption of komatiite magmas is still not fully resolved (Polat et al 1999;Arndt 2003;Parman et al 2004;Arndt et al 2008) although most workers consider komatiite magmas to have originated from anomalously hot mantle upwellings (Nesbit et al 1993, Herzberg 1995Arndt et al 2008), probably analogous to modern mantle plumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical volcanology and geochemistry of Palaeoarchaean komatiite lava flows from the western Dharwar craton, southern India: implications for Archaean mantle evolution and crustal growth

Jayananda

Duraiswami

Aadhiseshan

et al. 2016

International Geology Review

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Palaeoarchaean (3.38-3.35 Ga) komatiites from the Jayachamaraja Pura (J.C. Pura) and Banasandra greenstone belts of the western Dharwar craton, southern India were erupted as submarine lava flows. These high-temperature (1450-1550°C), low-viscosity lavas produced thick, massive, polygonal jointed sheet flows with sporadic flow top breccias. Thick olivine cumulate zones within differentiated komatiites suggest channel/conduit facies. Compound, undifferentiated flow fields developed marginal-lobate thin flows with several spinifex-textured lobes. Individual lobes experienced two distinct vesiculation episodes and grew by inflation. Occasionally komatiite flows form pillows and quench fragmented hyaloclastites. J.C. Pura komatiite lavas represent massive coherent facies with minor channel facies, whilst the Bansandra komatiites correspond to compound flow fields interspersed with pillow facies. The komatiites are metamorphosed to greenschist facies and consist of serpentine-talc ± carbonate, actinolite-tremolite with remnants of primary olivine, chromite, and pyroxene. The majority of the studied samples are komatiites (22.46-42.41 wt.% MgO) whilst a few are komatiitic basalts (12.94-16.18 wt.% MgO) extending into basaltic (7.71 -10.80 wt.% MgO) composition. The studied komatiites are Al-depleted Barberton type whilst komatiite basalts belong to the Al-undepleted Munro type. Trace element data suggest variable fractionation of garnet, olivine, pyroxene, and chromite. Incompatible element ratios (Nb/Th, Nb/U, Zr/Y Nb/Y) show that the komatiites were derived from heterogeneous sources ranging from depleted to primitive mantle. CaO/Al 2 O 3 and (Gd/Yb) N ratios show that the Al-depleted komatiite magmas were generated at great depth (350-400 km) by 40-50% partial melting of deep mantle with or without garnet (majorite?) in residue whilst komatiite basalts and basalts were generated at shallow depth in an ascending plume. The widespread Palaeoarchaean deep depleted mantle-derived komatiite volcanism and sub-contemporaneous TTG accretion implies a major earlier episode of mantle differentiation and crustal growth during ca. 3.6-3.8 Ga.ARTICLE HISTORY

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The Perseverance Ultramafic Complex, Western Australia: The Product of a Komatiite Lava River

Cited by 115 publications

References 20 publications

Temperatures in ambient mantle and plumes: Constraints from basalts, picrites, and komatiites

Temperatures in ambient mantle and plumes: Constraints from basalts, picrites, and komatiites

Mass and magnetic properties for 3D geological and geophysical modelling of the southern Agnew–Wiluna Greenstone Belt and Leinster nickel deposits, Western Australia

Physical volcanology and geochemistry of Palaeoarchaean komatiite lava flows from the western Dharwar craton, southern India: implications for Archaean mantle evolution and crustal growth

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