The Persistence and Reemergence of Atmospheric Anomaly Signals in Soil Temperature

Abstract

Land surface is one of the important components of the earth climate system, and soil temperature (ST) is a key factor of land surface processes. As an indicator of heat storage in land surface, ST plays an important role in land-atmosphere interactions. The anomalies in ST can change surface sensible flux, latent flux, longwave radiation, etc., and further affect weather and climate on multiple time scales (Q. Hu & Feng, 2004;Mahanama et al., 2008;Wu & Zhang, 2014). Moreover, ST can change the locations and intensities of precipitation by affecting the development of convection (Fan, 2009;Y. Liu & Avissar, 1999;Xue et al., 2018), and also facilitates the occurrence of the extreme heat events by local land-atmosphere coupling and changing atmospheric circulation (Gómez et al., 2016).The anomalies of ST usually depend on atmospheric anomalies, which are resulted from the anomalous sea surface temperature and sea ice, etc., and then ST anomalies can affect subsequent atmosphere by the persistence of the anomalies. For example, anomalous ST in winter can affect the precipitation in following spring (Tang et al., 1987), and ST in late spring correlates well with summer precipitation (Mahanama et al., 2008). Y. H. Wang et al. (2013) revealed that ST in May over Northwest China can affect summer precipitation by changing the East Asian summer monsoon. Ma (1995) found that there is a close relationship between antecedent ST anomalies and the subsequent floods in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin. Xue et al. (2018) demonstrated that spring land surface and subsurface temperature anomalies have important effects on the subsequent downstream droughts/floods in late spring-summer over North America and East Asia.The relationship between ST and subsequent atmosphere depends on the persistence of antecedent ST anomalies, which is also known as ST memory. ST anomalies can persist for a period ranging from 1 month to years, with the dependence of season, soil depth and climate regime, etc (Y. Liu & Avissar, 1999;K. Yang & Zhang, 2016). For example, in cold regions, ST anomalies in autumn can be stored in the frozen soil during the winter, and then reappear at the surface during the thaw (Matsumura & Yamazaki, 2012;Schaefer et al., 2007

Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of hourly soil temperature in different layers in the low-latitude plateau of China

“…A change in soil temperature might alter the physical properties of soil, which could then impart substantial impact on the physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring both above and below ground (Davidson and Janssens., 2006;Giardina et al, 2014;Hartley., 2014;Zhang et al, 2016;Li et al, 2022). Understanding the variations of soil temperature is of Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org great importance for assessing energy exchange between the soil and the atmosphere in relation to climate change (Du et al, 2017;Shen et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2022;Oogathoo et al, 2022;Song et al, 2022). This study found a significant seasonal pattern contrary to the variation of average shallow and deep soil temperature, i.e., it decreases (increases) with increasing soil depth in spring and summer (autumn and winter) at 00:00-23:00.…”

“…Meanwhile, as important thermal and hydrological factors of the ground at any given location, soil temperature and soil moisture respond quickly to the effects of climate change and interact with the overlying atmosphere through the surface energy, water balance, and carbon cycles, substantially promoting feedback to regional climate (Albergel et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2022). Soil temperature is also an important indicator of climate change and a critical parameter in numerical weather forecasting and climate prediction (Holmes et al, 2008;Qian et al, 2011;Albergel et al, 2015;Li et al, 2022;Song et al, 2022). It is currently unknown whether global soil temperatures experienced the same hiatus in rise as that shown in global air temperatures in the early 21st century (Wang et al, 2018).…”

Soil Temperature Controls the Month‐To‐Month Lead‐Lag Correlations of Near‐Surface Air Temperatures in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin

“…The anomalies of antecedent ST can persist in the shallow soil, and then affect current ST in the shallow soil (Song et al, 2022a(Song et al, , 2022b. Moreover, the anomalies of antecedent ST can propagate downwards, mainly persist in the middle and deep soil, propagate upwards in soil under suitable conditions (Matsumura & Yamazaki, 2012;Schaefer et al, 2007;Song et al, 2022aSong et al, , 2022b, and then affect current ST in the shallow soil (Figure 7a). Both processes can also be deduced based on the studies of Kolstad et al (2017).…”

“…As shown in Equation 19and Figure 7a, the anomalies of antecedent ST can lead to the anomalies of current ST by the persistence of anomaly signals in soil, which implies the correlations between antecedent and current STs. The anomalies of antecedent ST can persist in the shallow soil, and then affect current ST in the shallow soil (Song et al, 2022a(Song et al, , 2022b. Moreover, the anomalies of antecedent ST can propagate downwards, mainly persist in the middle and deep soil, propagate upwards in soil under suitable conditions (Matsumura & Yamazaki, 2012;Schaefer et al, 2007;Song et al, 2022aSong et al, , 2022b, and then affect current ST in the shallow soil (Figure 7a).…”

Optimization of Data-Driven Soil Temperature Forecast—The First Model in Bangladesh

“…A further increase in soil temperature in tropical regions would lead to more negative effects, including seedling death, smaller plants, higher water needs, and increased vulnerability to different plant diseases [7]. At the same time, since soil temperature records can be used to investigate the link between meteorological factors [8], soil temperature often plays a crucial role in numerical weather prediction and is a crucial indicator of climate change patterns [9][10][11][12]. Therefore, monitoring and predicting soil temperature can greatly support the development of sustainable agriculture by providing insights into soil health for seed germination, fruiting, flowering, and the growth of crop species.…”