1999
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19990701)37:13<1885::aid-pola1>3.0.co;2-1
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The persistent radical effect in controlled radical polymerizations

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Cited by 402 publications
(459 citation statements)
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“…The first assumption is valid for most successful LRPs, for which the quasi-equilibrium is reached within 1-100 ms after the onset of polymerization. 7,14 The second assumption is almost rigorously correct in an initial stage of polymerization but becomes less and less correct Scheme 1. Reversible activation.…”
Section: Models and Assumptionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The first assumption is valid for most successful LRPs, for which the quasi-equilibrium is reached within 1-100 ms after the onset of polymerization. 7,14 The second assumption is almost rigorously correct in an initial stage of polymerization but becomes less and less correct Scheme 1. Reversible activation.…”
Section: Models and Assumptionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The other is the case with R i ϭ 0, which was treated by Fischer 7 by the kinetic method. In the appendix, we treat these issues comprehensively by the probability theory approach for the first time.…”
Section: Lrp Polymersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, the deactivation reaction is favored over the termination reaction at higher polymerization times, allowing microstructural control. This effect has been first described by Fischer et al [22,23] and is known as the persistent radical effect [24]. The commercial utilization of ATRP is, however, hampered by various challenges such as perfect oxygen removal, excessively high catalyst concentrations leading to extensive post-polymerization purifications, and the toxic characteristics of the transition metal complexes [1].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Iz tih su razloga mogućnosti takvih procesa za proizvodnju u mjerilu većemu od laboratorijskog još uvijek ograničene. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Velike molekulske mase, uz njihovu razmjerno užu raspodjelu u usporedbi s konvencionalnim monofunkcijskim peroksidnim inicijatorima, mogu se pod određenim procesnim uvjetima postići primjenom višefunkcijskih peroksidnih iniShema 1 -Reakcijski mehanizam radikalskih polimerizacija uz monoperoksidni i diperoksidni inicijator Scheme 1 -Reaction mechanism of radical polymerization with mono-and di-peroxide initiator Difunkcijski peroksidni inicijator Bifunctional peroxide initiator cijatora koji sadrže dvije peroksidne skupine, ili više njih, različite toplinske stabilnosti. Primjenom takvih inicijatora tijekom procesa polimerizacije dolazi i do naknadnog stvaranja (makro)radikala, čime je omogućena ponovna inicijacija, to jest reinicijacija makromolekulskih vrsta nastalih u ranijim stupnjevima procesa.…”
Section: Ključne Riječi Stiren Polimerizacija U Otopini Difunkcijskunclassified