This exploratory research analyzes child care workers' beliefs about the nature of their practice in center-based child care programs. Twenty-one female child care workers who worked with toddlers (aged 1 to 3 years) participated in the research. The participants were videoed in their practice and later interviewed about how good practice in child care could be described. In the interview, the video of participants' practice was also reviewed to discuss salient videoed events to elicit further evidence about the nature and structure of beliefs that informed practice. The focus of the data analysis was to ascertain how affective, cognitive and executive functions of teaching in child care were represented in the practitioners' beliefs and how well those beliefs were integrated into a relational structure. As expected, child care workers held a strong affective (care) perspective in how they described good practice in working with toddlers. There was less evidence that they believed that good practice involved a cognitive (educational) function or an executive function (overarching principles that guided decision-making in practice). Greater emphasis in professional training for work in child care settings should be placed on exploring expectations and beliefs that child care workers hold about their role and how that role is instrumental in supporting early learning. Responsiveness (i.e., function of care) is a core of practice with very young children (McMullen, 1999: Manning-Morton, 2006). Yet, increasingly, it is recognized that the quality of early learning opportunities (i.e., function of education) that are available is also very important in order that cognitive development is enhanced (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2002). If beliefs are held by child care workers in toddler programs that their work is about early education, as well as care, then such beliefs are likely to ensure higher quality of practice.Policy and practice in early childhood services are framed by distinctions made between care and education (Braumer, Gordic, & Zigler, 2004). Care and education continue to be viewed as separate functions in early childhood services because of the historical divide in many western countries by which child care services are provided under welfare, family, and employment policies while other early childhood services, such as preschools, are more likely to be funded under education policies (Moss, 2006;Penn, 1999). Such a distinction is accepted in the community as a legitimate division which maintains perceptions that child care services do not provide early education (Lakoff & Grady, 1998). For example, child care employees are called workers rather than teachers and instead of providing education they provide care (Nall Bales, 1998). Thus, a dominant social frame about child care is that it is a service to meet parents' work-related needs rather than having potential benefits for children.Australian government policy with respect to child care is constructed on the basis that workrelated reasons are paren...