The personality of male prisoners: Moving towards an integrated temperament-and-character-based theory of criminal and antisocial behavior

Moreira, Paulo; Lopes, Joana Correia; Inman, R. Anthony; Cunha, Olga

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101897

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…As was recently suggested, research on the root ingredients of criminality should also include certain temperament variables like negative affectivity and self-control as essential determinants of antisocial behavior 66 , 67 . Recent empirical evidence obtained in a large sample of male prisoners supported the significance of such a temperament-and-character-based approach to the study of criminal and antisocial behavior 68 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Diagnosing callous-unemotional personality traits by heart rate orienting responses to images inducing threat and distress

Schulter,

Milek,

Lackner

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The present study aimed at developing a rather easily applicable method of testing physiological reactions to images of threats and misery. To this end, rapid-changing, transient heart rate orienting responses were used for gaining physiologically based, objective responses to the images. Additionally, subjective ratings were obtained. A significant insensitivity to other's welfare and well-being was already demonstrated as a core feature of callous-unemotional personalities. Thus, physiologically based methods may supplement and possibly improve existing assessments and, in particular, may contribute to a multimodal assessment of psychopathic traits. Out of a non-forensic community sample of 122 men, we selected two extreme groups of 30 participants with the lowest and highest callous-unemotional traits respectively, ascertained by questionnaires. As expected, participants with higher scores of callous-unemotional traits showed smaller responses to distress cues in both heart rate responses and subjective ratings. Moreover, within the group with high callous-unemotional traits heart rate responses to threatening as well as distress cues did not significantly differ from responses to neutral pictures. The study provides further evidence for the idea that a lack of responsiveness to distress cues may be seen as a central feature of callous-unemotional personalities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Diagnosing callous-unemotional personality traits by heart rate orienting responses to images inducing threat and distress

Schulter,

Milek,

Lackner

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Beyond these major temperament types, recent studies using artificial classification methods (e.g., median split) have identified 16 configurations of high and low values for the four temperaments 48 . Studies have also identified and tested how multi-trait character profiles differ in well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the personality pathways to well-being

Moreira

Inman

Cloninger

2023

Sci Rep

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Recent genomic, psychological, and developmental research shows that human personality is organized as a complex hierarchy that ascends from individual traits in many specific situations to multi-trait profiles in two domains that regulate emotional reactivity (temperament) or goals and values (character), and finally to three integrated temperament-character networks that regulate learning to maintain well-being in changing conditions. We carried out person-centered analyses of the components of subjective well-being (positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) to personality in both adolescents (N = 1739) and adults (N = 897). Personality was considered at each level of its organization (trait, temperament or character profiles, and joint temperament-character networks). We show for the first time that negative affect and life satisfaction are dependent on the personality network for intentional self-control, whereas positive affect is dependent on the personality network for self-awareness that underlies the human capacities for healthy longevity, creativity, and prosocial values.

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“…or familial structure as potential moderators. Additionally, recent work has argued that persons of any temperament can function adaptively or maladaptively, depending on their development of intentionality and self-awareness (i.e., their character; Moreira et al, 2022). Future work should continue to examine this integrated concept of temperament and other critical components of character/personality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School Engagement as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Temperament and Recidivism Among Adolescents in Community-Based Juvenile Justice Services

Lang,

Wolff,

Baglivio

2024

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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Prior research has established the relationship between temperament and recidivism, yet the mechanisms that underlie this relationship have yet to be explored. School engagement represents one possible mechanism and has been shown to be related to both recidivism and temperament. The current study expands research on DeLisi and Vaughn’s temperament theory by utilizing data from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice to determine if school engagement effectively mediates the relationship between temperament and continued delinquency. Results provide evidence of a significant mediation effect, controlling for a host of potential confounding variables. Findings suggest that approximately one-third of the total effect of temperament on juvenile recidivism is mediated by school engagement issues, yet a significant direct effect of temperament remains. Policy and intervention implications are briefly considered. Further research is required to determine additional mediators to better understand the processes by which temperament impacts reoffending.

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The personality of male prisoners: Moving towards an integrated temperament-and-character-based theory of criminal and antisocial behavior

Cited by 7 publications

References 84 publications

Diagnosing callous-unemotional personality traits by heart rate orienting responses to images inducing threat and distress

Diagnosing callous-unemotional personality traits by heart rate orienting responses to images inducing threat and distress

Disentangling the personality pathways to well-being

School Engagement as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Temperament and Recidivism Among Adolescents in Community-Based Juvenile Justice Services

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