The personality theories of H.J. Eysenck and J.A. Gray: a comparative review

Matthews, Gerald; Gilliland, Kirby

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00158-5

Cited by 428 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Therefore, the correlation of neuroticism and EP-latency should be examined in a larger and more heterogeneous sample. Our findings support the arguments concerning the methodology of exploring neuroticism, as emphasized by Zuckerman (1991) and Matthews (1999). Since neuroticism is a personality trait associated with individual differences in excitability and emotional reactivity, as reflected in the autonomous nervous activation (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1985), the researchers have recommended that a large number of psychophysiological paradigms on various levels should be used.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Ep-latencies and Personality Measuressupporting

confidence: 84%

The Relationship of Neuroticism, Psychoticism and Depression With Visual Evoked Potentials

Vorkapić¹,

Tadinac²

2016

Acta Neuropsychologica

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between visual evoked potentials (N1, P2, N2, P3 and Sw) and levels of neuroticism, psychoticism and depression. Based on previous research, longer EP-latencies were expected in more depressed subjects, and smaller EP-amplitudes in subjects with higher levels of neuroticism and psychoticism. The sample consisted of female psychology students (N=54), age 19-23, all right-handed. After measuring Eysenck's personality dimensions with EPQ/R, and depression with D-92, evoked potentials were measured in two trials by means of the EMG/EP device Medelec/TECA Sapphire II , 4E. Significantly lower P2-amplitudes, reflecting early stimuli processing, and lower N2-amplitudes, reflecting stimuli characteristic assignment, were found in subjects with higher neuroticism. The most stable relation, determined in both trials, was the one between P2-amplitude and neuroticism. Higher amplitudes of N2 and P3, representing attention allocation and memory updating, were significantly correlated with higher psychoticism. Finally, as expected, slow wave latency was significantly prolonged in more depressed subjects. Eysencks' personality theory and over-arousal hypothesis are used as theoretical frames for discussing the results and future research guidelines. The research findings significantly contribute to the understanding of biological determination within rarely explored personality traits, such as neuroticism, psychoticism and depression. However, since the research has some limitations, concrete guidelines for future electrophysiological studies in the field of human personality have been recommended.

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Section: The Relationship Between Ep-latencies and Personality Measuressupporting

confidence: 84%

The Relationship of Neuroticism, Psychoticism and Depression With Visual Evoked Potentials

Vorkapić¹,

Tadinac²

2016

Acta Neuropsychologica

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“…These robust correlations suggest that neuroticism may be especially important in predicting cognitive-affective tendencies related to negative affective stimuli. Yet, evidence for such robust correlations is modest (Matthews & Gilliland, 1999;Robinson, in press;Rusting, 1998). Such modest correlations suggest the needs for further refinement of the cognitive-affective model of neuroticism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroticism and affective priming: Evidence for a neuroticism-linked negative schema

Robinson

Ode

Moeller

et al. 2007

Personality and Individual Differences

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Neuroticism has been hypothesized to systematically relate to semantic memory networks favoring negative affect, but no studies using affective priming tasks have established this link. The present two studies, involving 145 undergraduate participants, sought to provide initial evidence along these lines. Study 1 used a task in which participants were asked to judge their emotions in the past, whereas Study 2 used a perceptual identification task in which participants merely had to identify the word in question. In both studies, neuroticism was positively correlated with negative affective priming, but not positive affective priming. The studies suggest that neuroticism systematically relates to the inter-connectivity of negative affect with semantic memory systems, whether involving the selfconcept (Study 1) or not (Study 2). These results are novel and important in understanding individual differences in neuroticism and their affective processing correlates.

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“…Such mediating processes have been extensively theorized and studied in relation to extraversion and neuroticism (for reviews, see Matthews & Gilliland, 1999;Rusting, 1998), but less so in relation to the trait of agreeableness (for a review, see Graziano & Eisenberg, 1997). Thus, in the case of adult forms of agreeableness, we have relatively few sources of data to understand why it predicts the outcomes that it does.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agreeableness and the self-regulation of negative affect: Findings involving the neuroticism/somatic distress relationship

Ode

Robinson

2007

Personality and Individual Differences

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In the temperament literature, agreeableness has been theoretically linked to effortful control. Further, research in this area has suggested that effortful control may play a broad role in moderating temperament-based tendencies toward negative affect. The present three studies, involving a total of 300 undergraduate participants, sought to extend this perspective to the adult literature by examining potential interactions between agreeableness and neuroticism in predicting reported somatic symptoms. Although such symptoms have been linked to neuroticism, they are not characteristic of the interpersonal concerns linked to agreeableness. Nevertheless, all studies found that agreeableness and neuroticism interacted to predict somatic symptoms such that high levels of agreeableness decoupled the relationship between neuroticism and somatic distress. These findings indicate a broad role for agreeableness in the self-regulation of neuroticism-linked distress. KeywordsAgreeableness; Neuroticism; Somatic Symptoms; Self-Regulation; Effortful Control Agreeableness is often viewed in terms of its interpersonal correlates. Experience-sampling studies have found that, in comparison to disagreeable individuals, agreeable individuals generally engage in less quarrelsome behavior and more cooperative behavior in daily life (Moskowitz, 1994). In terms of the social cognitive basis of agreeableness, this trait dimension has been associated with less perceived interpersonal conflict in laboratory interaction paradigms (Graziano, Jensen-Campbell, & Hair, 1996) and agreeable individuals exhibit a preference for more socially adaptive modes of conflict resolution (Graziano et al., 1996;Jensen-Campbell & Graziano, 2001).In addition, we suggest that agreeableness may also tap broad tendencies toward effortful control in domains that are less tied to interpersonal outcomes. Consistent with this perspective, Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone (2004) report a relationship between agreeableness and a dispositional self-control measure assessing the ability to override intrapsychic urges, such as those related to overeating or laziness. Furthermore, Jensen-Campbell et al. (2002) found that agreeableness was associated with smaller Stroop-interference effects, suggesting superior abilities to inhibit cognitive conflicts. These findings, although modest in number, areCorrespondence can be sent to Scott Ode, Psychology Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105. Internet correspondence can be sent to E-mail: Scott.Ode@ndsu.edu (phone: 701-231-5486; fax: 701-231-8426). Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers ...

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The personality theories of H.J. Eysenck and J.A. Gray: a comparative review

Cited by 428 publications

References 130 publications

The Relationship of Neuroticism, Psychoticism and Depression With Visual Evoked Potentials

The Relationship of Neuroticism, Psychoticism and Depression With Visual Evoked Potentials

Neuroticism and affective priming: Evidence for a neuroticism-linked negative schema

Agreeableness and the self-regulation of negative affect: Findings involving the neuroticism/somatic distress relationship

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