The Phagocytosis and Intracellular Fate of Staphylococci

Kapral, Frank A.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb11645.x

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Although S. aureus is mostly considered as an extracellular pathogen, it can invade a variety of mammalian non-professional cells, such as nasal endothelial cells. Moreover S. aureus survives phagocytosis by professional phagocytes [21], [22], [23], such as neutrophils [24], [25], mouse or rat macrophages [26], [27], [28], [29], and human macrophages [30], [31]. To overcome the stressful conditions imposed by its host, S. aureus has evolved various protective and offensive responses [32], [33], [34], [35], such as sensing of environmental stimuli and the activation and inactivation of response regulators [36], [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal PknB as the First Prokaryotic Representative of the Proline-Directed Kinases

et al. 2010

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In eukaryotic cell types, virtually all cellular processes are under control of proline-directed kinases and especially MAP kinases. Serine/threonine kinases in general were originally considered as a eukaryote-specific enzyme family. However, recent studies have revealed that orthologues of eukaryotic serine/threonine kinases exist in bacteria. Moreover, various pathogenic species, such as Yersinia and Mycobacterium, require serine/threonine kinases for successful invasion of human host cells. The substrates targeted by bacterial serine/threonine kinases have remained largely unknown. Here we report that the serine/threonine kinase PknB from the important pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is released into the external milieu, which opens up the possibility that PknB does not only phosphorylate bacterial proteins but also proteins of the human host. To identify possible human targets of purified PknB, we studied in vitro phosphorylation of peptide microarrays and detected 68 possible human targets for phosphorylation. These results show that PknB is a proline-directed kinase with MAP kinase-like enzymatic activity. As the potential cellular targets for PknB are involved in apoptosis, immune responses, transport, and metabolism, PknB secretion may help the bacterium to evade intracellular killing and facilitate its growth. In apparent agreement with this notion, phosphorylation of the host-cell response coordinating transcription factor ATF-2 by PknB was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Taken together, our results identify PknB as the first prokaryotic representative of the proline-directed kinase/MAP kinase family of enzymes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal PknB as the First Prokaryotic Representative of the Proline-Directed Kinases

et al. 2010

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Makrophagen: Herkunft, Entwicklung und Funktion

Roos¹

1970

Immunreaktionen / Immune Reactions

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Nonspecific resistance toListeria monocytogenes in mice infected and elicited withStaphylococcus aureus

Bonventre

1975

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Normal mice and mice displaying delayed hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus were challenged with a lethal dose of Listeria monocytogenes. Nonspecific antimicrobial activity was assessed by inhibition of bacterial growth in the spleen and by increased survival rates. Administration of specific staphylococcal antigen prior to challenge was a prerequisite for the induction of nonspecific resistance. Both the time of administering eliciting antigen and the route were important consideration for evoking the response. Similar responses were seen in 3 strains of inbred mice following immunization with both encapsulated and nonencapsulated staphylococci. Although enhanced resistance as measured by viable counts in the spleens was achieved after 2 injections, protection as measured by survival required 4 injections of S. aureus followed by elicitation with staphylococcal antigens. Nonspecific resistance could be detected as late as 9 weeks after the disappearance of delayed hypersensitivity.

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The Phagocytosis and Intracellular Fate of Staphylococci

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Staphylococcal PknB as the First Prokaryotic Representative of the Proline-Directed Kinases

Staphylococcal PknB as the First Prokaryotic Representative of the Proline-Directed Kinases

Makrophagen: Herkunft, Entwicklung und Funktion

Nonspecific resistance toListeria monocytogenes in mice infected and elicited withStaphylococcus aureus

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