The Pharmacodynamics of Antimicrobial Agents

Martinez, Marilyn N.; Toutain, Pierre‐Louis; Turnidge, John

doi:10.1002/9781118675014.ch5

Cited by 23 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…If these metabolites retain antibacterial properties, their serum concentration will inevitably be measured, along with that of the parent compound, when microbiological methods are employed (i.e. in vitro inhibition of Micrococcus luteus ), but not when using HPLC or HPLC/mass spectrometry 39 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional advantage of the dosage regimen of 11 mg/kg, once daily, may be the concentration‐dependent bactericidal activity of clindamycin which, although not widely accepted, has been found in some studies, 12,40 coupled with its postantibiotic effect 40,44 . Finally, serum AUC 0–24 /MIC, which has been proposed as a particularly useful parameter for clindamycin, 39 was higher for the dosage regimen of 11 mg/kg, although statistical significance was attained only on day 1, but not on day 3 of drug administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum pharmacokinetics of clindamycin hydrochloride in normal dogs when administered at two dosage regimens

Saridomichelakis¹,

Athanasiou²,

Salame³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Dermatology

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The aim of this cross-over study was to compare clindamycin pharmacokinetics in the serum of clinically normal dogs when administered orally at two dosage regimens (5.5 mg/kg, twice daily, and 11 mg/kg, once daily), separated by a 1 week wash-out period. Serum samples were obtained from six clinically normal laboratory beagles before, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h after the first and fifth dose of clindamycin at 5.5 mg/kg, twice daily, and before, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h after the first and third dose at 11 mg/kg, once daily. Serum clindamycin concentrations were determined by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Results were analysed using Student's paired t-test, at a 5% level of significance. Values of pharmacokinetic parameters that differed significantly between the two dosage regimens included the following: maximal concentration and area under the concentration-time curve were higher at 11 mg/kg, once daily, than at 5.5 mg/kg, twice daily; and, more importantly, the ratio of AUC(0-24) to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.5 μg/mL for a 24 h period (AUC(0-24)/MIC) was higher when clindamycin was administered at 11 than at 5.5 mg/kg, at least during the first day of drug administration. Therefore, a better pharmacokinetic profile may be expected when clindamycin is administered at 11 mg/kg, once daily, for the treatment of canine pyoderma caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum pharmacokinetics of clindamycin hydrochloride in normal dogs when administered at two dosage regimens

Saridomichelakis¹,

Athanasiou²,

Salame³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…(2) the plasma area-under-the curve (AUC) divided by the MIC (AUC/ MIC); and (3) the peak plasma concentration divided by the MIC (Cmax/MIC) (Martinez et al, 2013). Regardless of the index being considered, it is the free (non-protein bound) fraction (f) of antimicrobial concentration that is related to efficacy, so the indices are often written as f%T > MIC, fAUC/MIC and fCmax/MIC.…”

Section: Development Of Interpretive Criteria (Breakpoints)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for bovine respiratory disease: Getting more from diagnostic results

Lubbers

Turnidge

2015

The Veterinary Journal

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“…; Martinez et al. ). A recent study showed that a single subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid (CCFA) did not yield therapeutic concentrations in uterine tissues in cows with acute post‐partum (PP) metritis (von Krueger et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…phagocytes or epithelial cells) is also weak (Martinez et al. ). Penetration of antimicrobials into a pregnant uterus has to be considered when treating conditions like placentitis in mares (Santschi and Papich ; Weese et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Reproductive Diseases in Cattle and Horses

Pyörälä

Taponen

Katila

2014

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Use of antimicrobials for veterinary indications related to reproduction in cattle and horses is reviewed. Antimicrobial compounds are widely used to treat and prevent infections of reproductive organs. Total amounts of antimicrobials for such purposes, estimated by weight, are low compared with major uses in food animals. The most common reproduction-related indication in cattle is mastitis. The number of intramammary products available for treatment of mastitis in the European Union is high. Metritis and endometritis also require antimicrobial treatment of cattle and specific products for intrauterine administration are available. The traditions and practices associated with the use of these products vary considerably among different countries. Parenteral antimicrobial treatment is used to treat acute clinical mastitis and puerperal metritis. Pharmacological characteristics of the antimicrobial administered parenterally are critical to achieve and maintain therapeutic concentrations in the target organs. In mares, the most common indications associated with reproduction are endometritis, retained placenta and placentitis. The number of authorized antimicrobial products for horses is limited. Horses are treated individually and off-label use of antimicrobials is very common. In veterinary indications related to reproduction, treatment practices exist that cannot be considered to be evidence-based or responsible use of antimicrobials. Not all products for local treatment have proven efficacy data. Examples of unnecessary uses are routine treatment of cows with retained placenta and use of post-breeding antibiotic treatments in mares.

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The Pharmacodynamics of Antimicrobial Agents

Cited by 23 publications

References 117 publications

Serum pharmacokinetics of clindamycin hydrochloride in normal dogs when administered at two dosage regimens

Serum pharmacokinetics of clindamycin hydrochloride in normal dogs when administered at two dosage regimens

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for bovine respiratory disease: Getting more from diagnostic results

Use of Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Reproductive Diseases in Cattle and Horses

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