The pharmacological activity of medical herbs after microbiological decontamination by irradiation

Owczarczyk, H.B.; Migdal, W.; Kędzia, Bogdan

doi:10.1016/s0969-806x(99)00444-2

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Microbiological decontamination of botanicals can be achieved by irradiation (Katušin-Ražem et al 1983Owczarczyk et al 2000). However, some important measures and steps should be adopted (Xingwang and Jilan 1998).…”

Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Mycotoxins In Botanicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits: A review

Trucksess

Scott

2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

181

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Botanicals are used in many countries for medicinal and general health-promoting purposes. Numerous natural occurrences of mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits have been reported. Aflatoxins or ochratoxin A (OTA) have been found in botanicals such as ginseng, ginger, liquorice, turmeric, and kava-kava in the USA, Spain, Argentina, India, and some other countries, while fumonisins have been found in medicinal wild plants in South Africa and in herbal tea and medicinal plants in Turkey. Zearalenone was identified in ginseng root. Dried fruits can be contaminated with aflatoxins, OTA, kojic acid, and, occasionally, with patulin or zearalenone. One main area of concern is aflatoxins in dried figs; bright greenish yellow fluorescence under ultraviolet light is associated with aflatoxin contamination. OTA in dried vine fruits (raisins, sultanas, and currants) is another concern. There are also reports of aflatoxins in raisins and OTA in dried figs, apricots, dried plums (prunes), dates, and quince. Maximum permitted levels in the European Union include 4 mg kg À1 for total aflatoxins in dried fruit intended for direct consumption and 10 mg kg À1 for OTA in dried vine fruit. This review discusses the occurrence of mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits and analytical issues such as sampling, sample preparation, and methods for analysis. Fungal contamination of these products, the influence of sorting, storage, and processing, and prevention are also considered.

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Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Mycotoxins In Botanicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits: A review

Trucksess

Scott

2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The usual procedure to total sterilization or just reducing the initial microbial contamination through chemical processes is the gamma irradiation (Owczarczyk et al 2000;Ministério da Saúde 2004;Satomi, et al, 2005), using a no toxic dose level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gamma radiation on the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, rich in tannins

Santos¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae, known as cashew, commonly found in northeastern of Brazil, has high levels of secondary metabolites, particularly tannins, used as raw material for herbal medicines. An effi cient alternative to decontaminate plant products is the total sterilization or reduction of the initial microbial count, the process of gamma irradiation with 60 Co. The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of bark and leaves of A. occidentale, based on the quantifi cation of total phenols and tannins, before and after exposure to gamma radiation from 60 Co. The extracts were obtained in the laboratory by cold maceration in ethanol, fi ltered and dryness. They were divided into non-irradiated control group (0 kGy) and irradiated: groups exposed to gamma radiation at doses of 5, 7.5 and 10 kGy. The total phenols was obtained by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and tannins, by the precipitation of casein. The antimicrobial potential activities of these extracts were also evaluated. The results showed that gamma radiation doses employed in this study did not infl uence statistically the percentage of total phenols and tannins in the bark extracts, at levels ranging from 5.73±0.14 and 5.20±0.14, respectively. The levels of metabolites in the leaves were statistically (p<0.05) infl uenced by radiation, observed average total phenols between 3.13±0.04 (0 kGy) and 3.50±0.08 (10 kGy), and tannin between 2.47±0.06 (0 kGy) and 2.93±0.04 (10 kGy). The extracts of bark and leaves were active against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans. Gamma radiation caused an increase in antimicrobial activity of extracts against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive), with average inhibition zones for shells: 14.33±058 (0 kGy) and 22.33±0.58 (10 kGy), and leaves: 11.33±0.58 (0 kGy) and 19.00±1.00 (10 kGy). Exposure to radiation caused changes in physical and chemical constituents of phenolic extracts of leaves of cashew, increasing levels of tannins.

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“…no change with irradiation as cited by Yu et al (2004). In addition, Owczarczyk et al (2000) have reported that the content of biologically active substances, including the essential oils, flavonoids, glycosides, anthocyanins, and plants mucus did not change significantly after irradiation.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The effect of gamma irradiation on the hygienic quality and extraction yields for numerous components of several medicinal herbs has been studied and reported that irradiation is effective method for microbiological decontamination of them, and the content of essential biologically active substances and pharmacological activity of medicinal herbs not change significantly with irradiation (Yook et al, 1998;Byun et al, 1999;Kim et al, 2000;Yu and Jo, 2000; Owczarczyk et al, 2000;Yu et al, 2004). But chromatographic analysis of some herbal extracts indicated that changes in total yield and constituents of volatile oil following irradiation were ranged from none to slight depending upon dose-based irradiation in variety of herbs (IAEA, 1992;Venskutonis et al, 1996;Chatterjee et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%