The pharmacy gaze: bodies in pharmacy practice

Abstract

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Of Shepherds, Sheep and Sheepdogs? Governing the Adherent Self through Complementary and Competing ‘Pastorates’

“…With growing demand on family doctors, health policies have extended the role of community pharmacists, from their traditional responsibilities for medicines preparation and dispensing, to the provision of health education and direct care ( Hassell et al, 2000 ). Jamie (2014) describes, for example, how the pharmacist’s ‘gaze’ is increasingly concerned with regulating the patient’s body in new care settings through new technological algorithms. When viewed through the lens of governmentality, such reforms re-construct pharmacists, not only as disciplining patient behaviours, but encouraging patients to be more responsible for their own health ( Ryan et al, 2004 ).…”

Pastoral power in the community pharmacy: A Foucauldian analysis of services to promote patient adherence to new medicine use

“…Barber (2005) described the 'pharmaceutical gaze' as stemming from pharmacist's ability to predict the pharmacological properties of medicines. Jamie (2014) suggests the 'pharmaceutical gaze' metaphor has had only limited relevance to pharmacy because of the lack of 'diagnosis' usually involved in pharmacy practice; but when the wider aspects of pharmacy practice are considered, such as their surveillance of body, the scope of the pharmacy 'gaze' becomes apparent. With the NMS, the pharmacy gaze is extended to include the diagnosis and categorisation of non-adherent behaviours, including behaviours and lifestyle factors beyond the traditional scope of the pharmacist's expertise.…”

“…Policies aimed at modernising primary care in the form of more patient-centred and cost-effective services might be seen as expanding pharmacy's professional jurisdiction, but from a Foucauldian perspective policy discourses reconstitute the relations of power through transforming professional and patient subjectivities. This includes transforming pharmacy's disciplinary gaze (Jamie, 2014) and new forms of subjectification for both patients and pharmacists (Ryan et al 2004).…”

Making body work sequences visible: an ethnographic study of acute orthopaedic hospital wards

“…Where a person works on others’ bodies, their work may lead to those bodies being treated only as types of objects (‘objectification’) or recognised as being linked to (‘incorporated’) personal experiences through which to engage with people as more than bodies (Gross ). For example, pharmacists have been found to look at bodies with a ‘pharmacy gaze’, which combines a public health lens with a risk lens (Jamie ). Objectification of patients’ bodies contrasts with notions of person‐centred care where attending to the subject is foregrounded (Brooker ).…”