The phenology of dioecious Ficus spp. tree species and its importance for forest restoration projects

Kuaraksa, Cherdsak; Elliott, Stephen; Hossaert‐McKey, Martine

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.022

Cited by 53 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It has been suggested previously that dioecy is an important factor to consider in forest restoration projects (Kuaraksa et al . ). In this context, natural regeneration from seeds of remnant female trees can effectively assist the recovery of P. uviferum populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The importance of seed trees in the dioecious coniferPilgerodendron uviferumfor passive restoration of fire disturbed southern bog forests

et al. 2013

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Biological legacies are important for ecosystem recovery following disturbance as demonstrated by studies in the northern hemisphere. Southern bog forests dominated by the conifer Pilgerodendron uviferum in Northern Patagonia are a typical case of an ecosystem with low resilience to disturbance by fire, which kills most trees and seeds, on which the species depends for regeneration. In this study, we hypothesize that the natural recovery of P. uviferum populations in burned areas is limited by seed availability and this limitation may be exacerbated by the dioecy of the species. Using a multi-scaled approach, we quantified the seed dissemination potential from P. uviferum seed trees, assessed the suitability of substrates for the germination of seedlings, and finally analysed the spatial distribution of seed trees of the species at the landscape level. Our results indicate that 70 years after a fire on Chiloé Island (43°S), natural regeneration from seed trees can assist the recovery of P. uviferum populations following large-scale fire disturbance, but their effect is limited at a landscape level owing to a low number of reproductive female trees (0.3 trees ha −1 ) and limited seed dispersal (<20 m). In this context, a mixed passive-active restoration approach that takes into account the spatial pattern and sex of seed trees could be the most effective and efficient option to restore not only P. uviferum forests in North Patagonia, but also other heavily disturbed forests with few remnant seed trees, in particular of dioecious species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The importance of seed trees in the dioecious coniferPilgerodendron uviferumfor passive restoration of fire disturbed southern bog forests

et al. 2013

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“…Mature individuals of F. hispida in equatorial North Sumatra fruited almost continuously, with one fig cohort merging into another all year round. On male trees this sometimes resulted in sufficiently unsynchronized fruiting for fig wasp populations to cycle on one male tree, as seen in some other dioecious fig tree species [43, 44]. Asynchronous fruiting should reduce pollinator mortalities associated with flight between trees [41], and thereby increase the trees’ ability to maintain local populations of their pollinators and the nematodes they carry [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On male trees this sometimes resulted in sufficiently unsynchronized fruiting for fig wasp populations to cycle on one male tree, as seen in some other dioecious fig tree species [43, 44]. Asynchronous fruiting should reduce pollinator mortalities associated with flight between trees [41], and thereby increase the trees’ ability to maintain local populations of their pollinators and the nematodes they carry [44]. It may also increase the likelihood of pollinator females entering male figs, and increase the numbers of females entering individual male figs, both of which will be advantageous for any nematodes they are carrying.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tritrophic interactions involving a dioecious fig tree, its fig pollinating wasp and fig nematodes

Jauharlina

Oktarina

Sriwati

et al. 2019

Preprint

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24 25 Many species of fig trees (Ficus spp., Moraceae) have nematodes that develop 26 inside their inflorescences (figs). Nematodes are carried into young figs by females of the 27 trees' host-specific pollinating fig wasps (Agaonidae) that enter the figs to lay their eggs. 28 The majority of Asian fig trees are functionally dioecious. Pollinators that enter figs on 29 female trees cannot reproduce and offspring of any nematodes they carry will also be 30 trapped inside. The biology of the nematodes is diverse, but poorly understood. We 31 contrasted the development of nematodes carried by the pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen 32 solmsi marchali into figs on male and female trees of Ficus hispida in Sumatra, Indonesia. 33 Figs were sampled from both male and female trees over a six-month period, with the 34 nematodes extracted to record their development of their populations inside the figs. 35 Populations of three species of nematodes developed routinely inside figs of both sexes: 36 Caenorhabditis sp. (Rhabditidae), Ficophagus cf. centerae and Martininema baculum 37 (both Aphelenchoididae). This is the first record of a Caenorhabditis sp. associated with 38 F. hispida. Mean numbers of nematodes reached around 120-140 in both male and 39 female figs. These peak population sizes coincided with the emergence of the new 40 generation of adult fig wasps in male fig trees. We conclude that figs on female trees can 3 41 support development and reproduction of some nematode species, but the absence of 42 vectors means that their populations cannot persist beyond the lifetime of a single fig. 43 Just like their fig wasp vectors, the nematodes cannot avoid this routine source of 44 mortality. 45 46

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“…Data on the reproductive biology of the genus are scarce, revealing the predominance of bee pollination and SI system, with the occurrence of late-acting self-incompatibility mechanisms in some species. Kuaraksa et al (2012) studied the phenology of dioecious Ficus spp. tree species and its importance for forest restoration projects.…”

Section: Reproductive Phenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenology of Woody Species: a Review

Rodríguez¹,

Maiti²,

Sarkar³

2014

Inter. Jour. of Bio-reso. Stress Manag.

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An attempt has been made to synthesize a brief account on research advances on various phases of phenology. Climate has positive impact on the timing of phenology; cold-air drainage may influence the start of leaf growth, however leaf phenology in tropical evergreen forests is not determined by the seasonality of precipitation. Climate warming in late winter and spring may enhance sensitivity of the growing season's spatial response due to the relationship of beginning date to temperature. Elevated temperature strongly influences greater in C 3 plants than in C 4 plants but the disadvantages of warming may be considerably attenuated by elevated CO 2 , especially for C 3 grasses. Species with high wood densities can able to store only limited quantities of water in their trunks; leaf fall in these species occurred during the dry season. Flowering phenology may be changing faster and precipitation may play a more important role in semi-arid grasslands than in humid-temperate systems. Peak flowering and fruiting are dependent on seasons for both endemic and non-endemic species. Population sensitivity to global warming might be stable for a given species, in spite of its possible local adaptation. It might be possible for ecologists to establish comprehensive networks for long-term monitoring of potential photosynthetic capacity from regional to global scales by linking satellite-based programme. Use of satellite-derived metrics, such as VARI, may be used for evaluating the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of species composition across broad geographic regions.

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The phenology of dioecious Ficus spp. tree species and its importance for forest restoration projects

Cited by 53 publications

References 29 publications

The importance of seed trees in the dioecious coniferPilgerodendron uviferumfor passive restoration of fire disturbed southern bog forests

The importance of seed trees in the dioecious coniferPilgerodendron uviferumfor passive restoration of fire disturbed southern bog forests

Tritrophic interactions involving a dioecious fig tree, its fig pollinating wasp and fig nematodes

Phenology of Woody Species: a Review

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